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Calumny is the worst of evils. In it there are two who commit injustice, and one who is injured: for he who calumniates another, acts unjustly by accusing one that is not present; and he acts unjustly who is persuaded before he has learnt the exact truth; and he that is absent when the charge is made is thus doubly injured, being caluminated by the one, and by the other deemed to be base.

604 Herodotus. Bk. vii. Sec. 10 (7). (Cary, Translator.) Calumny differs from most other injuries in this dreadful circumstance. He who commits it never can repair it. A false report may spread where a recantation never reaches; and an accusation must certainly fly faster than a defence while the greater part of mankind are base and wicked. The effects of a false report cannot be determined or circumscribed. 605 Johnson: Works. IX. 449. (Oxford Edition, 1825.) Be thou as chaste as ice and pure as snow, thou shalt not escape calumny. 606

Shakespeare: Hamlet.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

It is a certain sign of an ill heart to be inclined to defamation. They who are harmless and innocent can have no gratification that way; but it ever arises from a neglect of what is laudable in a man's self, and an impatience of seeing it in another.

607

CANDOR.

Sir Richard Steele: The Spectator. No. 427.

And now am I, if a man should speak truly, little better than one of the wicked.

608 Shakespeare: King Henry IV. Pt. i. Act i. Sc. 2.

CAPRICE.

'Faith, there have been many great men that have flattered the people, who ne'er loved them, and there be many that they have loved, they know not wherefore; so that if they love they know not why, they hate upon no better ground. Shakespeare: Coriolanus. Act ii. Sc. 2.

609

Faith, thou hast some crotchets in thy head now.
610 Shakespeare: Merry Wives of Windsor. Act ii. Sc. 1.

CARE.

Want of care does us more damage than want of knowledge.
611
Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac.

Hang sorrow, care'll kill a cat.

612 Ben Jonson: Every Man in His Humor. Act i. Sc. 3. Care is an enemy to life.

613

Shakespeare: Twelfth Night. Act . Sc. 3

CAUSE.

This notion of cause is deeply rooted in every human mind. It is a universal idea, fci al. men have it. It is a necessary idea, for we cannot help having it, even if we deny its existence. It probably arises first in the mind on the occasion of our making an effort and seeing some result follow. Cause is an idea connected intimately with personal action, effort, choice the exercise of an intelligent will.

614

James Freeman Clarke: Ten Great Religions. It is a maxim in all philosophy, that causes which do not appear are to be considered as not existing.

615

Hume Essays. XX. Of National Characters. Nothing requires greater nicety, in our inquiries concerning human affairs, than to distinguish exactly what is owing to chance, and what proceeds from causes.

616 Hume: Essays. XIII. Of the Rise and the Progress of the Arts and Sciences.

There is occasions and causes why and wherefore in all

things.

617

CAUTION.

Shakespeare: King Henry V. Act v. Sc. 1.

Dangers, by being despised, grow great; so they do by absurd provision against them.

618

Burke: Speech, May 11, 1792. On the Petition of
the Unitarians.

Early and provident fear is the mother of safety.
Burke: Speech, May 11, 1792.
the Unitarians.

619

620

On the Petition of

Forewarned, forearmed; to be prepared is half the victory. Cervantes: Don Quixote. Pt. ii. Ch. 17. (Jarvis, Translator.)

The cautious seldom err.
621

Confucius: Analects. Bk. iv. Ch. 23. (Legge,
Translator.)

We ought not to judge of men as of a picture or statue, at the first sight.

622 La Bruyère: Characters. Of Judgments. (Rowe, Translator.)

Reveal not to a friend every secret that you possess, for how can you tell but what he may some time or other become your enemy?

623 Saadi: The Gulistan. Ch. 8. Rules for Conduct
in Life. No. 10.

Out of this nettle, danger, we pluck this flower, safety.
624 Shakespeare: King Henry IV. Pt. i. Act ii. Sc. 3.
In warning there is strength.
625

Lew Wallace: Ben-Hur. Bk. iv. Ch. 11.

CEMETERIES.

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The Christian cemetery is a memorial and a record. It is not a mere field in which the dead are stowed away unknown; it is a touching and beautiful history, written in family burialplots, in mounded graves, in sculptured and inscribed monuments. It tells the story of the past, not of its institutions, or its wars, or its ideas, but of its individual lives, of its men and women and children, and of its household. It is silent, but eloquent; it is common, but it is unique. We find no such history elsewhere; there are no records in all the wide world in which we can discover so much that is suggestive, so much that is pathetic and impressive.

626

CENSURE.

Joseph Anderson: Address, Riverside Cemetery, Waterbury, Conn., June 11, 1885. Dedication of the Hall Memorial Chapel.

The first proof of a man's incapacity for anything is his endeavoring to fix the stigma of failure upon others.

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B. R. Haydon: Table Talk.

see Cause, Hope, Result.

Nothing was ever said with uncommon felicity but by the co-operation of chance; and therefore wit, as well as valor, must be content to share its honors with fortune.

628

Johnson: The Idler. No. 58.

Chance generally favors the prudent.

629 Joubert: Pensées. No. 147. (Attwell, Translator.)

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Change is inevitable in a progressive country. Change is

constant.

630

Disraeli (Earl of Beaconsfield): Speech at Conservative Banquet, Edinburgh, Oct. 29, 1867. The things of the world are ever rising and falling, and in perpetual change; and this change must be according to the will of God, as he has bestowed upon man neither the wisdom nor the power to enable him to check it. The great lesson in these things is, that man must strengthen himself doubly at such times to fulfil his duty, and to do what is right, and must seek his happiness and inward peace from objects which cannot be taken away from him.

631

Wilhelm von Humboldt: Letters to a Female Friend.
(Couper, Translator.)

A man used to vicissitudes is not easily dejected.
Johnson: Rasselas.

Ch. 12.

632 Such is the state of life that none are happy but by the anticipation of change. The change itself is nothing: when we have made it the next wish is to change again.

633

Johnson: Rasselas. Ch. 47.

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Thy mind is a very opal.

635

Shakespeare: Twelfth Night. Act ii. Sc. 4

The food that to him now is as luscious as locusts shall be to him shortly as bitter as coloquintida.

636

CHARACTER - see

Shakespeare: Othello. Act i. Sc. 3.

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Money, Prejudice, Pride, Repute, Society, Soli

tude, Voice, World (The).

Be what you were meant to be.

637

A. Bronson Alcott: Table Talk. III. Pursuits.
One's Star.

Character is a fact, and that is much in a world of pretence and concession.

638

A. Bronson Alcott: Table Talk. III. Pursuits.
One's Star.

It is not what he has, nor even what he does, which directly expresses the worth of a man, but what he is.

639

Amiel: Journal, Dec. 15, 1859.

(Mrs. Humphrey

Ward, Translator.)

Only what thou art in thyself determines thy value, not what thou hast.

(Bennett, Translator.)

640 Auerbach: On the Heights.
Character will draw after it condition.

641

Henry Ward Beecher: Proverbs from Plymouth
Pulpit.

Happiness is not the end of life: character is.

642

Henry Ward Beecher: Life Thoughts.

He is rich or poor according to what he is, not according to what he has.

643

Henry Ward Beecher: Proverbs from Plymouth
Pulpit.

Many men build as cathedrals were built, the part nearest the ground finished, but that part which soars toward heaven, the turrets and the spires, forever incomplete.

644

Henry Ward Beecher: Life Thoughts.

Sorrow makes men sincere, and anguish makes them

earnest.

645

Henry Ward Beecher: The Life of Jesus, the

Christ. Ch. 12.

The highest type of character is that which is made up of feelings so luminous that the man takes a more elevated path than he could ever do if he were bound down to rules and precedents. 646

Henry Ward Beecher: Life Thoughts.

There is no such sculpture as that of character.
647

Henry Ward Beecher: Proverbs from Plymouth
Pulpit. Character.

To judge human character rightly, a man may sometimes have very small experience provided he has a very large heart.

648

Bulwer-Lytton: What Will He Do With It?
Bk. v. Ch. 4.

Nothing, indeed, but the possession of some power can with any certainty discover what at the bottom is the true character of any man.

649 Burke: Letters on a Regicide Peace. Letter II., 1796.

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Greatness of character is a communicable attribute. It has nothing exclusive in its nature. It cannot be the monopoly of an individual, for it is the enlarged and generous action of faculties and affections which enter into and constitute all minds, I mean reason, conscience, and love, that its elements exist in all.

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650 William Ellery Channing: Works. The Imitableness of Christ's Character.

Character must be kept bright, as well as clean.

651

Lord Chesterfield: Letters to His Son. London,
Jan. 8, 1750.

The character of a brave and resolute man is not to be ruffled with adversity.

652

Cicero: Offices. Bk. i. (Edmonds,
Translator.)

A character is an assemblage of qualities.

653

Disraeli (Earl of Beaconsfield): Coningsby.
Bk. iv. Ch. 13.

Sublimity of character must come from sublimity of motive. 654 Mary Moody Emerson: Quoted in Holmes's Life of Emerson, Introduction. (American Men of Letters.) Character gives splendor to youth and awe to wrinkled skin and gray hairs.

655

Emerson: Conduct of Life. Beauty.

Character is always known.

656 Emerson: Miscellanies. Address, Divinity College, Cambridge, July 15, 1838.

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