Learning Together: Peer Tutoring in Higher EducationThe number of students in higher education has expanded dramatically in recent years, but funding has not kept pace with this growth. The result is less contact time for lecturers and their students, and corresponding worries about how the quality of teaching and learning can be improved. Peer tutoring is one method which is growing in popularity, and has already proved successful in a number of countries. This book provides an introduction to the methods and practice of peer tutoring focusing on how to set up schemes and how to cope with common problems. It discusses the theory behind this form of learning and the beneficial effects associated with it. Summaries are included at the end of each chapter.
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Contents
What is peer tutoring? | 7 |
ORGANIZATION OF PEER TUTORING | 8 |
VARIETIES OF PEER TUTORING | 9 |
TECHNIQUES TO AID WRITING DEVELOPMENT | 26 |
UNEQUAL STATUS INTRODUCED BY THE COORDINATOR | 34 |
UNEQUAL STATUS BUILT ON EXISTING DIFFERENCES | 36 |
CROSSLEVEL PEER TUTORING INVOLVING TWO INSTITUTIONS | 46 |
COOPERATIVE LEARNING | 48 |
STIMULATING REFLECTION | 175 |
EVALUATION STUDIES | 176 |
SUMMARY | 177 |
Evaluation of peertutoring schemes | 179 |
WHICH METHODOLOGIES DO RESEARCHERS USE? | 181 |
THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD | 191 |
MULTIPLE MEASURES | 192 |
HOW TO CHOOSE AN APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGY | 195 |
PEER TUTORING IN SMALL GROUPS | 51 |
SUMMARY | 60 |
Beneficial effects Why teachers use peer tutoring | 67 |
THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF PEER TUTORING IN HIGHER EDUCATION | 69 |
CATEGORIES OF EFFECT | 70 |
SAMELEVEL PEER TUTORING INVOLVING ONE INSTITUTION WHERE UNEQUAL STATUS IS INTRODUCED BY THE INVESTIGATOR | 74 |
CROSSLEVEL PEER TUTORING INVOLVING ONE INSTITUTION WHERE UNEQUAL STATUS IS BUILT ON EXISTING DIFFERENCES | 75 |
CROSSLEVEL PEER TUTORING INVOLVING TWO INSTITUTIONS | 77 |
DIFFERENTIAL TUTORTUTEE EFFECTS | 82 |
Summary | 83 |
Theoretical frameworks for peer tutoring | 84 |
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS OF PEER TUTORING | 86 |
VYGOTSKYS ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT | 88 |
SOCIALPSYCHOLOGICAL THEORETICAL BASES OF PEER TUTORING | 89 |
THEORETICAL BASES OF PEER TUTORING FOR PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT | 107 |
SUMMARY | 112 |
How theory can inform practice | 114 |
REANALYSIS OF DATA | 121 |
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS | 123 |
Planning and promoting peer tutoring | 128 |
RESPONSES TO FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS | 129 |
THE SEVEN GOLDEN RULES FOR TUTORING AND MENTORING SCHEMES | 135 |
ESTABLISHING PEER TUTORING | 142 |
PLANNING AND PROMOTING PEER TUTORING | 148 |
SUMMARY | 149 |
Helping students become peer tutors | 154 |
TUTOR TRAINING | 159 |
WAYS OF ENSURING THAT TRAINING HAPPENS | 160 |
TRAINING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE | 161 |
WORKSHOPS TO SUPPORT STUDENTS BEFORE AND DURING TUTORING | 165 |
MANAGING CONFLICT | 170 |
Problems associated with peer tutoring | 199 |
MOTIVATING STUDENTS | 200 |
ISSUES RELATING TO GROUP COMPOSITION | 201 |
ABSENTEEISM | 210 |
PROBLEMS OF LEARNING IN GROUPS | 217 |
SUMMARY AND REFLECTIONS | 218 |
Technologysupported collaborative learning | 220 |
THE PEDAGOGICAL FRAMEWORK | 221 |
THE ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT | 223 |
COLLABORATION AND COMMUNICATIONS | 224 |
THE BENEFITS OF COMPUTERMEDIATED COLLABORATION | 226 |
LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTERMEDIATED COLLABORATION | 228 |
COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND PEER TUTORING | 229 |
SUMMARY | 231 |
ONLINE INFORMATION SOURCES | 232 |
Benefiting from hindsight practitioners reflect on peer tutoring | 234 |
USING NATIONALLY AGREED SKILLS STANDARDS AS DEVELOPMENT TOOLS AND MODULE OUTCOMES | 236 |
THROUGH THE LEARNERCENTRED LENS | 240 |
INFORMAL PEER TUTORING IN STUDY SUPPORT NETWORKS DESIGNED TO ENCOURAGE ATTENDANCE | 245 |
DEALING WITH PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN ASSESSMENT OF PEER LEARNING | 248 |
PROBLEMS OF USING PEER LEARNING TO SUPPORT STUDYING AT A DISTANCE | 253 |
EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE | 257 |
COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN THE TEACHING OF WRITING | 261 |
PEER TEACHING IN A SCHOOL OF MEDICINE | 265 |
Reflections and prospects | 270 |
REFLECTIONS | 278 |
SIGNIFICANT SIGNPOSTS | 279 |
PROSPECTS | 283 |
References | 284 |
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Other editions - View all
Learning Together: Peer Tutoring in Higher Education Nancy Falchikov,Margo Blythman No preview available - 2001 |
Common terms and phrases
academic achieve activities andragogy argued attendance Attribution theory behaviour benefits Chapter classroom co-operative learning Cognitive apprenticeships collaboration collaborative learning Collaborative writing colleagues communication context course cross-level peer tutoring Dansereau described designed discussion effects encourage Equity theory evaluation example experience Falchikov feedback grades higher education identified improve increase individual institution interaction issues Jigsaw Jigsaw Classroom learners learning log lecturer Massey University metacognitive methods Millis and Cottell module motivation Napier University outcomes paired learning partner peer assessment peer learning peer tutoring involving peer-tutoring schemes perceived performance problems programme psychology questionnaires questions ratings Rationale/objectives reactance Reciprocal Peer reflection relationship reported responsibility role conflict same-level peer tutoring sessions situated learning skills social status strategies structure student tutors suggested task teachers Texas Christian University theory tutoring schemes tutors and tutees undergraduate understanding University variety writing
References to this book
Human Resource Management at Work: People Management and Development Mick Marchington,Adrian Wilkinson No preview available - 2005 |