Fundamentals of Flight

aerodynamic aileron aircraft airfoil airplane altitude angle of attack applied assumed average becomes body Boeing Commercial Airplane boundary layer calibrated airspeed called chord climb compressibility constant Courtesy cruise curve decrease defined density determined developed difference direction distance drag edge effect efficiency energy engine equal equation Example factor Figure flap flight flow fluid flying force freestream fuel fuselage given higher important increase induced drag landing leading length less lift coefficient load lower Mach number maximum Note obtain operating path performance pressure problem produced propeller range ratio reduced result Reynolds number rocket shock shown in Figure shows skin span specific speed stability stall structural supersonic surface tail takeoff temperature thickness thrust trailing transport turn unit upper surface usually velocity vortex vortices wave weight wind tunnel wing wing area zero