latives agreeing with them; thus, he who obeys not the laws. He is the Antecedent, and who is a Relative agreeing with it.

11. The Relative agrees with its Antecedent in number, perfon, and gender.

12. First in number; as, when foldiers are ordered they must obey; the Relative they is in the plural number, agreeing with its Antecedent foldiers. MethaSalem lived 960 years, and he died; the Relative he is in the fingular number, agreeing with its Antecedent Methufalem.

13. Again, the King and Queen put on their robes. The poffeffive their is in the plural number, agreeing with its two Antecedents King and Queen. It is therefore improper to fay, doft thou not perceive that all will be yours. Yours ought to be thine to agree with its Antecedent thou in the fingular number.

14. Secondly, the Relative agrees with its Antecedent in perfon; as, I who am; who is in the first perfon, agreeing with its Antecedent I. Thou who art idle; who is in the fecond perfon, agreeing with its Antecedent thou. He that calls me : the Relative that is the third perfon, agreeing with its Antecedent be.

15. If a Relative agree with Antecedents of different perfons, it fhould agree with the first perfon în preference to the fecond and third, and with the fecond in preference to the third; as, you and I have our objections to it. Our is the first perfon agreeing with the first perfon I in preference to the fecond perfon

you.

16. Thirdly, the Relative agrees with its Antecedent in gender; as, a man called upon me, and he told me: the Relative he agrees in gender with its Antecedent man. A woman fell ill yesterday, and she died today: fhe agrees in gender with its Antecedent woman. My book fell into the fire, and it was burnt; it agrees in gender, with its Antecedent book.

17. The neuter pronoun it is employed to exprefs the fubject of any difcourfe or fentence; as, you have been ill, and I knew nothing of it. Here it refers to

the phrafe, you have been ill; which on this occafion is its Antecedent.

18. It is often used for the ftate or condition of perfons or things. Ex. how is it with you?

19. It fometimes refers to a Subftantive which is understood, and which can be known only by the meaning of the fentence; as, It is hot, that is, the weather is hot.

20 The Pronoun felf is joined to the Poffeffive Pronouns forming in the fingular number the compound pronouns, myself, thyself, yourself, himself, herJelf, itfelf; and in the plural, ourselves, yourselves, themfelves. Ourfelf is ufed only in the regal ftile.

21. Thefe Compound Pronouns are frequently added to Perfonal Pronouns, and proper names when fed emphatically; thus, you yourselves know it. On thefe occafions they fometimes ftand at a diftance from the Pronoun or Subftantive; as, I heard it myself.

22. Who refers to perfons, and which to things and irrational creatures; as, I love the friend, who has done me a kindness, though she be guilty of faults which I diflike. Who refers to friend, and which to faults.

23. But when a question is asked, which is to be ufed both for perfons and things; as, which man do you think the talleft? Which houfe do you like the best?

24. This is always ufed with Subftantives in the fingular number, and thefe with Subftantives in the plural; as, this house, these houses. When that points out a perfon or thing it alfo has the plural number; as, that man, thofe houses.

25. When this and that are applied in the fame fentence to different Antecedents, that refers to the first and this to the last Antecedent; as,choose wisdom rather than folly that will make thee honourable, but this contemptible. Here that refers to wisdom and this to folly.

26. A Perfonal Pronoun is fometimes ufed improperly inftead of the Plural Pronoun thofe. Ex. give ne them books; obferve them three perfons; ought to be, give me thofe books; obferve thofe three perfons.

27. That is often ufed as a Relative inftead of who.

C

and which, and is the fame in both numbers; as,have you feen the man that (or who) called. The books that (or which) you require are lost; but it is more properly applied to things than to perfons, except on the following occafions:

28. First, that is more proper than who or which, after an Adjective in the fuperlative degree; as, he was the ableft minifter that James ever had.

29. Secondly, that is more proper than who or which after fame and who; as, he is the fante man that you fară before. Who, that has any fenfe, could argue thus.

30. Thirdly, that is more proper than who or which when it ferves as a relative to two Antecedents, the one a perfon, the other a thing; as, have you seen the man and horfe that I'met

31. What fometimes includes both the Anteceden that and its Relative which; thus, you may take which you like; or, you may take that, which you like.

32. When other agrees with Subftantives in the plural number, other is used when the Subftantive is expreffed, and others when it is understood; as, envy not others their riches; or, envy not other people their riches

33. Either fignifies only the one or the other of two things taken feparately; as,will you have either of thefe two books. Inftead therefore of faying, he may have any of my two horses, we ought to fay, he may have either of my two horses.

34. Each fignifies two or a greater number taker feparately; as, I met two men, and I gave to each a fhilling. The following fentences are faulty: The two Kings fat either of them on his throne. Nadab and Abibu took either of them his cenfor. Either in both places ought to be each.

35. Each other ought to be ufed when we fpeak of only two perfons or things; as, the two men firuck each other. It is therefore improper to fay, two men ignorant of one another's language. We fhould say, two men ignorant of each other's language.

36. One another is used when feveral perfons or things are spoken of; as, four men were talking to one

another. The following fentence is improper; fev eral governments rivals of each other. We fhould fay, Leveral governments rivals of one another.

37. Every may agree with a plural Noun conveying a collective idea; as, every twelve years.

38. When feveral Relatives agree with the fame Antecedent, they fhould be the fame. The following fentence is faulty; the man that came last week, and who was fick, went away this morning: the Relatives that and who, as they refer to the fame perfon, ought to be expreffed by the fame Pronoun; as, the man, who came here laßt week, and who was fick, went away this morning; or, &c.

39. The Relative ought to point out clearly its Antecedent. The following fentence is faulty; min look with an evil eye upon the good that is in others, and think that their reputation obfcures them. Here is a confufion arifing from them and their referring to different Antecedents. The phrafe is better thus; men look with an evil eye upon the good that is in others,and think, that the reputation of such as are good obfcures their own,

A

ADJECTIVES.

N Adjective is a word joined to a Subftantive to exprefs fome quality or circumftance belonging to it; as, a good girl; a round table; five books. Good, round, and five, are Adjectives joined to the Subftantives girl, table, and books..

2. Adjectives admit three degrees of comparifon; the pofitive, the comparative, and the fuperlative. 3. The pofitive mentions the Adjective without any increase or diminution; as, frong, wife.

4. The comparative fomewhat increafes or decreafes the pofitive; and is formed by adding r or er to the pofitive, or by letting before it the Adverb more; as, franger, or more strong; wifer, or more wife.

5. The fuperlative increases or diminishes the pofitive to the highest degree; and is formed by adding for eft to the pofitive, or by prefixing to it the Ad

verb moft; as, ftrongest, or most fireng; wifeft, or most

EXAMPLES.

wife.

Pofitive.

Comparative.

Wife,

wifer or more wife,

Superlative. wifeft or most wife. highest or most high. 6. Adjectives that end in y, change they into i when their termination alters; as,

High, higher or more high,

Dry, drier or more dry,

drieft or moft dry, Happy, happier or more happy, happiest or most happy. 7. Adjectives, confifting of more fyllables than one, are generally compared by more and most only; as, Sparing, more Sparing, moft sparing. Splendid, more Splendid, moft fplendid. 8. The following Adjectives are compared irreguFarly, and fome of them are peculiar in not admitting. the mode of comparifon by more and most :

Good,

Bad, ill, evil,

better, worfe,

-best.
work.

Little,

lefs,

leaft.

-Much, many,

Near,

Late,

Far,

Latter and last refer either to time or place: la ter and latest to time only.

9. Some Adjectives, relating to place and fituation have only the fuperlative degree, which is formed by adding moft to the pofitive, as pofitive fore; fuperlative foremost; hinder, hindermoft; nether, nethermost under, undermoft; upper, uppermost; and utter, uttermoft, or utmost.

OBSERVATIONS AND RULES OF SYNTAX.

to. The Adjective and Participle agrees with fome Subftantives; as, a large garden; large is an Adjective agreeing with the Subftantive garden. The Subftantive is fometimes understood; as, many were found unworthy many and unworthy are Adjectives, agreeing with the Subftantive perfons understood.