Closing the Circle: Democratization and Development in AfricaWe all know that many African countries face political tyranny, failed capitalist development, and violent domestic conflict. What is less clear is what relationship may exist between effective democratic institutions and the solution of the last two problems. Richard Sandbrook draws on the experience with democratisation of a carefully selected sample of countries: Ghana, Mali and Niger in West Africa; Zambia, Tanzania and Madagascar in East Africa; and Sudan. He illustrates the diversity of African experiences of the transition to democratic political forms and the complex relationships between democratic institutions and economic reform and social order. He concludes that the ultimate value of democratic institutions lies in whether they lead to economic progress and social justice and peace. |
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Page 16
... cent in 1994 to about 10 per cent in 1998 , while domestic and external financial imbalances also fell ( Calamitsis 1999 : 7 ) . Even if these relatively favourable trends had continued , however , they would not have reduced absolute ...
... cent in 1994 to about 10 per cent in 1998 , while domestic and external financial imbalances also fell ( Calamitsis 1999 : 7 ) . Even if these relatively favourable trends had continued , however , they would not have reduced absolute ...
Page 102
... cent in the mid - 1960s to less than 10 per cent by 1982 ( IMF 1996 ) . Recurrent budget deficits , which peaked at over 13 per cent of GDP in 1976 , underpinned an entrenched inflation that averaged 58 per cent in the decade 1972-82 ...
... cent in the mid - 1960s to less than 10 per cent by 1982 ( IMF 1996 ) . Recurrent budget deficits , which peaked at over 13 per cent of GDP in 1976 , underpinned an entrenched inflation that averaged 58 per cent in the decade 1972-82 ...
Page 140
... cent of world merchandise exports in 1955 to just 1.2 per cent in 1990 ( Yeats et al . 1996 : 38 ) . By 1997 the entire continent accounted for a lesser share of the world's exports than tiny Belgium ( 2.3 per cent against 3 per cent ) ...
... cent of world merchandise exports in 1955 to just 1.2 per cent in 1990 ( Yeats et al . 1996 : 38 ) . By 1997 the entire continent accounted for a lesser share of the world's exports than tiny Belgium ( 2.3 per cent against 3 per cent ) ...
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Closing the Circle: Democratization and Development in Africa Richard Sandbrook Limited preview - 2000 |
Common terms and phrases
1996 elections Accra administrative African countries agencies associations authoritarian Botswana Burundi campaign capacity capital cent civil servants civil service clientelism coalition constitutional contests corruption coup crisis critics deadly conflict democ democratic transition donors economic decline economic reform electoral elite environmental ethnic external famine favour forces foreign Fourth Republic Ghana governing party governmental groups growth Humanitarian Emergencies independent infrastructure institutional reform intimidation investment journalists leaders liberalization Madagascar major Mali market reforms Mauritius ment military movements neo-liberal neo-patrimonial newspapers Niger Nigeria Nkrumahist officials one-party opposition parties organizations parliamentary party system patrimonial patronage PNDC political popular populist poverty president presidential programs pseudo-democracy Rawlings regional rent-seeking Report representative democracies revenues role rules rural sector social societies strategy structural adjustment Sub-Saharan Africa Sudan Tanzania tensions tion trade tradition UNIP University Press urban vote voters World Bank Zambia