Engineering Materials Volume 2: An Introduction to Microstructures, Processing and DesignMaterials are evolving faster today than at any time in history. As a consequence the engineer must be more aware of materials and their potential than ever before. In comparing the properties of competing materials with precision involves an understanding of the basic properties of materials, how they are controlled by processing, formed, joined and finished and of the chain of reasoning that leads to a successful choice. This book will provide the reader with this understanding.Materials are grouped into four classes: Metals, Ceramics, Polymers and Composites, and each are examined in turn. The chapters are arranged in groups, with a group of chapters to describe each of the four classes of materials. Each group first of all introduces the major families of materials that go to make up each materials class. The main microstructural features of the class are then outlined and the reader is shown how to process or treat them to get the structures (properties) that are wanted. Each group of chapters is illustrated by Case Studies designed to help the reader understand the basic material.This book has been written as a second level course for engineering students. It provides a concise introduction to the microstructures and processing of materials and shows how these are related to the properties required in engineering design.
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alloy aluminium amorphous atoms austenite bonds brittle carbon steels casting cell walls cement ceramics Chapter components composition compression contains cooling copper crack creep cross-links crystalline crystals density diffusion dislocations dissolved driving force ductility energy engineering equilibrium constitution eutectic eutectic point eutectoid Fe3C fibres foam fracture toughness Further reading give glass glass temperature grain boundaries hardening heat impurity interface iron lead–tin linear polymers liquid loading martensite material matrix mechanical melting point metals microstructure modulus molecules mould nucleation particles pearlite peritectic phase diagram plastic plates polyethylene polymer precipitates pressure problem produced properties quenched reaction room temperature shape shown in Fig shows silica silicon sintering solder solid solution solidification soundboard stiffness stress structure surface Table tensile strength tensile stress thermal transformation two-phase typical viscosity weight weld wood yield strength Young’s zone