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Page 68
... compared . Maintenance of Membrane Potential by lon Pumps All cells have voltages across their plasma membranes . Voltage is electrical potential energy - a separation of opposite charges . 135 The cytoplasm of a cell is negative in charge ...
... compared . Maintenance of Membrane Potential by lon Pumps All cells have voltages across their plasma membranes . Voltage is electrical potential energy - a separation of opposite charges . 135 The cytoplasm of a cell is negative in charge ...
Page 69
... minus sign indicates that the inside of the cell is negative compared to the outside . ) The membrane potential acts like a battery , an energy source that affects the traffic of all charged substances across the membrane . Because the ...
... minus sign indicates that the inside of the cell is negative compared to the outside . ) The membrane potential acts like a battery , an energy source that affects the traffic of all charged substances across the membrane . Because the ...
Page 71
... cell is stimulated , gated channels that facilitate Na * diffusion open . Sodium ions then " fall " down their electrochemical gradient , driven by the concentration gradient of Na * and by the attraction of cations to the negative side ...
... cell is stimulated , gated channels that facilitate Na * diffusion open . Sodium ions then " fall " down their electrochemical gradient , driven by the concentration gradient of Na * and by the attraction of cations to the negative side ...
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active transport animal cells artificial cell blood called cotransport cell is negative Cell-Cell Recognition cellular cholesterol concentration gradient Concentrations Affect Cells Concept 7.4 Concept Check cytoplasm decreasing extracellular drive the active electrochemical gradient Endocytosis In endocytosis Energy in Active exocytosis and endocytosis extracellular solution facilitated diffusion fluid mosaic model fungi glucose Golgi hydrogen ions hydrophobic hypertonic hypotonic environment inside isotonic lipid bilayer main electrogenic pump Maintenance of Membrane membrane potential membrane proteins Membrane Structure membrane traffic move solutes nerve cell neuron occurs by exocytosis osmosis osmotic passive transport phospholipids pinocytosis plant cells plasma membrane occurs positive charge potassium ions proteins are embedded protists proton pump pump of plants Pumps Ions receptor-mediated endocytosis Salt Concentrations Affect selectively permeable Self-Quiz side where solute signal sodium-potassium pump solute(s specific transport protein store energy substance sucrose uptake sucrose-H suggested answers three sodium ions translocates transport uses energy types of endocytosis voltage Water Balance