PREFACE AND EXPLANATION.

TO TEACH LEARNERS those organic conditions which indicate character, is the first object of this manual; and in order to render it accessible to all, it condenses facts and conditions, rather than elaborates arguments→→→ because to EXPOUND Phrenology is its highest proof-states laws and results, and leaves them upon their naked merits; embodies recent dis coveries; and crowds into the fewest possible words and pages just what learners need to know; and, hence, requires to be STUDIED rather than merely read. Short, yet clear," is its motto. Its numerous illustrative engravings give the results of very extensive professional observations and experience.

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TO RECORD CHARACTER is its second object. In doing this, it describes those organic conditions which affect and indicate character in SEVEN degrees of power-large, very large, full, average, moderate, small, and very small, and refers those who have their physiological and phrenological conditions correctly marked in the accompanying tables, to those paragraphs which both describe themselves, and also contain specific directions how to PERFECT THEIR characters and improve children. Its plan for recording character is seen at a glance in the following

EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES.

Those physiological and phrenological conditions marked Large have a powerful and almost CONTROLLING influence over feelings and conduct, both single and in combination, and engross weaker ones into their service. VERY LARGE organic conditions are sovereign kings over character and conduct, and singly and in combination with each other, or with large organs, direct and sway their possessor. FULL organs play subordinate parts, yet are seen and felt, and exert more real than appa rent influence. AVERAGE ones have considerable, yet a limited influence, but it is mainly in COMF ATION with large ones, though they affect

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MODERATE faculties are below par exert a limited influence; and

character more than they seem to. in fact, and still more so in appearance leave character defective in these respects. SMALL organs are so deficient as easily to be perceived; leave their possessor weak and faulty in these points; and should be assiduously cultivated; while VERY SMALL ones render him almost idiotic in these functions.

This table is so constructed as to record the ACTUAL POWER, or quality and quantity of the physical and mental functions, as deduced from size and activity combined, and this is done by means of dots or written figures placed opposite the names of the organs and temperaments, and the printed figures in the squares thus marked, designate the number of the page in this work which contains the corresponding description of character; and these paragraphs, thus referred to in the body of the work, have figures attached to them, referring to the pages of "Fowler's Phrenology," where an elaborate description of the several functions are discussed at length, with numerous combinations which shade and tone the character.

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The six left hand columns refer to the pages of this work, while the two right hand ones refer to those NUMBERED PARAGRAPHS found throughout" Physiology," Self-Culture," and "Memory," which contain directions for cultivating, restraining, and rightly directing whatever physical functions or mental faculties may require either, both in adults and children; so that these works, in conjunction with a correct marking in these tables, furnish a complete directory for obviating faults, supplying defects, developing excellencies, and perfecting one's self and children.

Faculties marked with an upward curve, thus, in the several squares, are deficient, and require cultivation; while those marked with a downward curve, thus, are liable to excess or perversion, and should be carefully guarded and rightly directed; while + signifies about one third larger; and one third smaller than a dot would indicate in the same place, thus rendering one scale equal to twenty-one.

MARKING THE CHART BY FIGURES.

Some persons who record examinations prefer to use numerals to indicate the size of the organs. We describe the organs in seven degrees of power, and to indicate those degrees, employ the written úgures, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. When thus used, 1 means VERY SMALL; 2, SMALL; ? MODE RATE; 4, AVERAGS; 5, FULL; 6, LARGE; 7, VERY LARGE. The signs + mean the same as in the above table.

THE SELF-INSTRUCTOR.

SECTION I.

PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AS AFFECTING AND INDICATING CHARACTER.

I.-VALUE OF SELF-KNOWLEDGE.

"KNOWLEDGE is power"-to accomplish, to enjoy-and these are the only ends for which man was created. ALL knowledge confers this power. Thus, how incalculably, and in how many ways, have recent discoveries in chemistry enhanced human happiness, of which the lucifer match furnishes a home example. Increasing knowledge in agriculture is doubling the means of human sustenance. How immeasurably have modern mechanical improvements multiplied, and cheapened all the comforts of life. How greatly have steamboats and railroads added to the former stock of human success and pleasures. Similar remarks apply to all other kinds of knowledge, and as it increases from age to age will it proportionally multiply all forms of human happiness. In fact, its inherent nature and legitimate effect is to promote every species of enjoy. ment and success. Other things being equal, those who know most, by a law of things, can both accomplish and enjoy most; while ignorance instead of being bliss, is the greatest cause of human weakness, wickedness, and woe. Hence, to ENLIGHTEN man, is the way to reform and perfeet him.

But SELF-knowledge is, of all its other kinds, both the most useful and promotive of personal and universal happiness and success. "Know thyself" was written, in golden capitals, upon the splendid temple of Delphos, as the most important maxim the wise men of (reece could transmit to unborn generations; and the Scriptures wisely mmand us t> "search our own hearts." Since all happiness flows from obeying, and all pain from violating, the LAWS OF OUR BEING, to know our own selves is to know these laws, and becomes the first step in the road of their obedience, which is life. Self-knowledge, by teaching the laws and conditions of tife and health, becomes the most efficacious means of pru

longing the former and increasing the latter-both of which are paramount conditions of enjoying and accomplishing. It also shows us our natural talents, capabilities, virtues, vices, strong and weak points, liabilities to err, etc., and thereby points out, unmistakably, those occupations and spheres in which we can and cannot succeed and shine; and develops the laws and conditions of human and personal virtue and moral perfection, as well as of vice, and how to avoid it. It is, therefore, the quintessence of all knowledge; places its possessor upon the very acme of enjoyment and perfection; and bestows the highest powers and richest treasures mortals can possess. In short, to know ourselves perfectly, is to know every law of our being, every condition cf happiness, and every cause of suffering; and to practice such knowledge, is to render ourselves as perfectly happy, throughout every department of our being, as we can possibly be and live. And since nothing in nature stands alone, but each is reciprocally related to all, and all, collectively, form one magnificent whole-since all stars and worlds mutually act and react upon each other, to cause day and night, summer and winter, sun and rain, blossom and fruit; since every genus, species, and individual throughout nature is second or sixteenth cousin to every other; and since man is the epitome of universal nature, the embodiment of all her functions, the focus of all her light, and representative of all her perfections-of course to understand him thoroughly is to know all things. Nor can nature be studied advantageously without him for a text-book, nor he without her.

Moreover, since man is composed of mind and body, both reciprocally and most intimately related to each other-since his mentality is manifested only by bodily organs, and the latter depends wholly upon the former, of course his mind can be studied only through its ORGANIC relations. If it were manifested independently of his physiology, it might be studied separately, but since all his organic conditions modify his mentality, the two must be studied TOGETHER. Heretofore humanity has been studied by piece-meal. Anatomists have investigated only his organic structure, and there stopped; and mental philosophers have studied him metaphysically, wholly regardless of all his physiological relations; while theologians have theorized upon his moral faculties alone; and hence their utter barrenness, from Aristotle down. As if one should study nothing but the trunk a tree, another only its roots, a third its leaves, or fruit, without compounding their researches, of what value is such piecemeal study? If the physical man constituted one whole being, and the mental another, their separate study might be useful; but since all we know of mind, and can do with it, is manifested and done wholly by means of physical instruments-especially since every possible condition and change of the physiology correspondingly affects the mentality-of course their MUTUAL relations, and the laws of their RECIPROCAL action, must be investigate collectively. Besides, every mental philosopher has