Motor Control in Parkinson's Disease |
Contents
Acknowledgments 37 | 7 |
Summary | 9 |
Introduction | 11 |
Measurement System | 21 |
Experiment and Computation of Angle Trajectories | 31 |
Movement Parameters and Normalization | 45 |
Controls | 59 |
Pharmacodynamics | 67 |
Motor Model | 157 |
Basal Ganglia Disorders | 165 |
Aiming Movements | 181 |
Estimation of Model Parameters | 195 |
Extension of the Motor Model | 209 |
Discussion | 213 |
Conclusions and Open Questions | 225 |
Computation of Axes and Angles | 227 |
Parkinsonian Patients | 85 |
Comparison of the Groups | 117 |
MusculoSkeletal System | 127 |
Basal GangliaThalamocortical System | 139 |
Mechanic Interaction of Flexion with SupinationPronation | 231 |
References | 235 |
Common terms and phrases
0.5 time sec activity aiming movements akinesia angle trajectories approximately arm model axes computations basal ganglia basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit cameras chapter coefficients combined movements control person cortex decreased defined degrees of freedom disorders dopamine level double joint movements effect error area estimated excitatory flex flexion movement flexion trajectory Huntington's Disease increased indirect pathway joint angle L-DOPA levodopa linear marker triangle mean movement mean trajectory measured data measured movements measurement session motor systems movement parameters movements to target msec MT's neural neurons normalized outliers Parkinson's disease Parkinsonian patients Patient Bh patient Gu Patient Mn pharmacodynamics plot present study principal component analysis pron pronation putamen rotation scheme of DeLong simulated single joint movements standard deviation static gain step response substantia nigra subthalamic nucleus sup/pron supination angle supination axis supination movement supination or pronation supination trajectory symptoms targ target 7 target thalamus transfer function vectors velocity feedback visual