In Vitro Biological SystemsIn vitro methods have provided a valuable tool for toxicological research over the years. Historically, these methods have made significant contributions to our understanding of toxic mechanisms of action and xenobiotic metabolism and, in this context, have provided an indispensable resource for investigative toxicology. More recently, the value of in vitro systems as toxicity tests for chemical safety and hazard evaluation has been recognized and explored. Whether the in vitro approach is employed as a model system for investigative research or as a toxicity test for risk assessment, a critical component is the biological system. Selection and successful culturing of the appropriate cell, tissue or organ for a particular scientific purpose is essential for a satisfactory outcome. The objective of this volume is to provide both beginning and established researchers with basic techniques employed by widely recognized scientists to prepare and maintain the biological components of in vitro model systems. The compilation is not intended to be exhaustive but to provide a set of pivotal methods of value to researchers in the field of toxicology. The methods have been organized by organ systems for easy reference. |
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Page 89
Basal fluorescence is measured before the addition of test compounds , and
fluorescence is measured at dual excitation wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm with
emission wavelength of 510 nm . Cytosolic free calcium levels are determined by
...
Basal fluorescence is measured before the addition of test compounds , and
fluorescence is measured at dual excitation wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm with
emission wavelength of 510 nm . Cytosolic free calcium levels are determined by
...
Page 401
Measurement of cell recovery ( Fig . ... 2 ) activities are measured as markers for
the PT cells , and they are recovered predominantly in fractions 1 to 4 . In contrast
... 1 ) activity is measured as a marker for the DT cells , and it is recovered in ...
Measurement of cell recovery ( Fig . ... 2 ) activities are measured as markers for
the PT cells , and they are recovered predominantly in fractions 1 to 4 . In contrast
... 1 ) activity is measured as a marker for the DT cells , and it is recovered in ...
Page 404
17 1 1 " Lactate dehydrogenase leakage was measured at 340 nm with pyruvate
and NADH in the absence and presence of Triton X - 100 . y -
Glutamyltransferase activity was measured at 410 nm as formation of p -
nitroanilide with y ...
17 1 1 " Lactate dehydrogenase leakage was measured at 340 nm with pyruvate
and NADH in the absence and presence of Triton X - 100 . y -
Glutamyltransferase activity was measured at 410 nm as formation of p -
nitroanilide with y ...
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In Vitro Biological Systems: Methods in Toxicology, Volume 1 Charles A. Tyson,John M. Frazier Limited preview - 2016 |
Common terms and phrases
acid activity added addition agents aliquots allow animals approximately attached Biochem Biol buffer cell cultures cell suspension cellular centrifuge changes chemical collagenase collected concentration containing deionized water density described determined developed digestion dish dissociation effects enzyme epithelial experiments explants factors Figure filter final flask forceps fraction function glucose growth hepatocytes HEPES human important increased incubated isolated kidney laboratory layer levels liver maintained material measured mechanisms medium method neurons obtained organ Percoll perfusion period pipette placed plastic plates preparation Press primary procedure protein proximal tubule rabbit reaggregates removed renal segments separate serum Sigma skin slices solution specific step sterile stored studies surface technique tion tissue toxicity TOXICOLOGY transferred trypsin tube tubules vessel vitro vivo volume washed yield
Bibliographic information
| Title | In Vitro Biological Systems Volume 1 of In Vitro Biological Systems Series Methods in toxicology |
| Editors | Charles A. Tyson, John M. Frazier |
| Edition | illustrated |
| Publisher | Academic Press, 1993 |
| Original from | the University of Michigan |
| Digitized | 19 Aug 2008 |
| ISBN | 0124612024, 9780124612020 |
| Length | 568 pages |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |