X-Ray Diffraction: A Practical ApproachIn this, the only book available to combine both theoretical and practical aspects of x-ray diffraction, the authors emphasize a "hands on" approach through experiments and examples based on actual laboratory data. Part I presents the basics of x-ray diffraction and explains its use in obtaining structural and chemical information. In Part II, eight experimental modules enable the students to gain an appreciation for what information can be obtained by x-ray diffraction and how to interpret it. Examples from all classes of materials -- metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers -- are included. Diffraction patterns and Bragg angles are provided for students without diffractometers. 192 illustrations. |
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Page 3
... Electron Volt Materials scientists and physicists often use the electron volt ( eV ) as the unit of energy . An electron volt is the amount of energy an electron picks up when it moves between a potential ( voltage ) difference of 1 ...
... Electron Volt Materials scientists and physicists often use the electron volt ( eV ) as the unit of energy . An electron volt is the amount of energy an electron picks up when it moves between a potential ( voltage ) difference of 1 ...
Page 4
... electrons and the electrons in hv V λ [ eV ] [ Hz ] Radiation [ nm ] 1014 infrared 1 103 visible -1015 10 -102 -1016 ultraviolet 102 10 -1017 103 -1018 104 10-1 x - rays -1019 105 10-2 -1020 106 -10-3 -1021 107 -10-4 y - rays -1022 108 ...
... electrons and the electrons in hv V λ [ eV ] [ Hz ] Radiation [ nm ] 1014 infrared 1 103 visible -1015 10 -102 -1016 ultraviolet 102 10 -1017 103 -1018 104 10-1 x - rays -1019 105 10-2 -1020 106 -10-3 -1021 107 -10-4 y - rays -1022 108 ...
Page 5
... electrons losing their energy in a series of collisions with the atoms that make up the target , as shown in Fig . 4. Because each electron loses its energy in a different way , a continuous spectrum of energies and , hence , x - ray ...
... electrons losing their energy in a series of collisions with the atoms that make up the target , as shown in Fig . 4. Because each electron loses its energy in a different way , a continuous spectrum of energies and , hence , x - ray ...
Page 6
... electron energies , we use either eV or kev , but when referring to the accelerating potential applied to the electron , we use V or KV . ] If the incident electron has sufficient energy to eject an inner - shell electron , the atom ...
... electron energies , we use either eV or kev , but when referring to the accelerating potential applied to the electron , we use V or KV . ] If the incident electron has sufficient energy to eject an inner - shell electron , the atom ...
Page 7
... electron x - ray FIG . 4. Illustration of the origin of continuous radiation in the x - ray spectrum . Each electron , with initial energy Eo , loses some , or all , of its energy through collisions with atoms in the target . The energy ...
... electron x - ray FIG . 4. Illustration of the origin of continuous radiation in the x - ray spectrum . Each electron , with initial energy Eo , loses some , or all , of its energy through collisions with atoms in the target . The energy ...
Contents
3 | |
21 | |
Practical Aspects of XRay Diffraction | 63 |
Cubic Structures | 94 |
Hexagonal Structures | 125 |
Precise Lattice Parameter Measurements | 153 |
Phase Diagram Determination | 167 |
Quantitative Analysis of Powder Mixtures | 223 |
Identification of an Unknown Specimen | 237 |
Appendixes | 251 |
Atomic and lonic Scattering Factors of Some Selected | 255 |
Physical Constants and Conversion Factors | 261 |
Index | 271 |
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Common terms and phrases
20 values absorption alloy aluminum amplitude ångstrom atomic scattering factor atoms per cell atoms per unit body-centered cubic Bragg angle Bragg's law Bravais lattice broadening close-packed components composition copper cos² crystal structure crystal systems crystallite CsCl cubic Bravais lattice detector determine diamond cubic diamond cubic structure diffracted beam electron energy equation example Experimental Module face-centered cubic face-centered cubic Bravais face-centering translations fcc structure grain hexagonal hkl a nm integrated intensity lattice parameter lattice parameter(s lattice point lattice strain metal Miller indices mixture NaCl structure obtained orthorhombic phase diagram point lattice polycrystalline powder quantum number radiation relative intensities shell shown in Fig silicon simple cubic sin² sin² 0 sin² sin² 0 values slits solid solution spacing structure factor Table Theta FIG Titanium unit cell unknown specimen wavelength x-ray diffraction pattern x-ray photon zinc blende