X-Ray Diffraction: A Practical ApproachIn this, the only book available to combine both theoretical and practical aspects of x-ray diffraction, the authors emphasize a "hands on" approach through experiments and examples based on actual laboratory data. Part I presents the basics of x-ray diffraction and explains its use in obtaining structural and chemical information. In Part II, eight experimental modules enable the students to gain an appreciation for what information can be obtained by x-ray diffraction and how to interpret it. Examples from all classes of materials -- metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers -- are included. Diffraction patterns and Bragg angles are provided for students without diffractometers. 192 illustrations. |
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Results 1-5 of 14
Page 5
... rays are produced by changes within the nucleus of the atom . A part of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown in Fig . 1 . Each quantum of electromagnetic radiation , or photon , has an energy , E , which is proportional to its ...
... rays are produced by changes within the nucleus of the atom . A part of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown in Fig . 1 . Each quantum of electromagnetic radiation , or photon , has an energy , E , which is proportional to its ...
Page 6
... x - ray photon with an energy equal to the difference in the electron energy levels is produced . The energy of the x - ray photon is characteristic of the target metal . The sharp peaks , called characteristic lines , are superimposed ...
... x - ray photon with an energy equal to the difference in the electron energy levels is produced . The energy of the x - ray photon is characteristic of the target metal . The sharp peaks , called characteristic lines , are superimposed ...
Page 7
... , or all , of its energy through collisions with atoms in the target . The energy of the emitted photon is equal to the energy lost in the collision . nucleus incident electron ( a ) ( b ) ejected. 1 7 • . X - Rays and Diffraction.
... , or all , of its energy through collisions with atoms in the target . The energy of the emitted photon is equal to the energy lost in the collision . nucleus incident electron ( a ) ( b ) ejected. 1 7 • . X - Rays and Diffraction.
Page 8
... x - ray photon , the energy of the x - ray photon is related to the excitation potential V experienced by the electron : E = — hc — = ev λ ( 3 ) where e is the electron charge ( 1.602 × 10-19 C ) . The x - ray wavelength is thus hc λ ...
... x - ray photon , the energy of the x - ray photon is related to the excitation potential V experienced by the electron : E = — hc — = ev λ ( 3 ) where e is the electron charge ( 1.602 × 10-19 C ) . The x - ray wavelength is thus hc λ ...
Page 14
... X - Ray K Wavelengths ( in nm ) Κα Και Element ( weighted average ) ( strong ) ... x - ray diffractometers a monochro- matic beam is obtained by using a crystal monochromator . A crystal monochromator ... photon and the emitted photon 14 Basics.
... X - Ray K Wavelengths ( in nm ) Κα Και Element ( weighted average ) ( strong ) ... x - ray diffractometers a monochro- matic beam is obtained by using a crystal monochromator . A crystal monochromator ... photon and the emitted photon 14 Basics.
Contents
3 | |
21 | |
Practical Aspects of XRay Diffraction | 63 |
Cubic Structures | 94 |
Hexagonal Structures | 125 |
Precise Lattice Parameter Measurements | 153 |
Phase Diagram Determination | 167 |
Quantitative Analysis of Powder Mixtures | 223 |
Identification of an Unknown Specimen | 237 |
Appendixes | 251 |
Atomic and lonic Scattering Factors of Some Selected | 255 |
Physical Constants and Conversion Factors | 261 |
Index | 271 |
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Common terms and phrases
20 values absorption alloy aluminum amplitude ångstrom atomic scattering factor atoms per cell atoms per unit body-centered cubic Bragg angle Bragg's law Bravais lattice broadening close-packed components composition copper cos² crystal structure crystal systems crystallite CsCl cubic Bravais lattice detector determine diamond cubic diamond cubic structure diffracted beam electron energy equation example Experimental Module face-centered cubic face-centered cubic Bravais face-centering translations fcc structure grain hexagonal hkl a nm integrated intensity lattice parameter lattice parameter(s lattice point lattice strain metal Miller indices mixture NaCl structure obtained orthorhombic phase diagram point lattice polycrystalline powder quantum number radiation relative intensities shell shown in Fig silicon simple cubic sin² sin² 0 sin² sin² 0 values slits solid solution spacing structure factor Table Theta FIG Titanium unit cell unknown specimen wavelength x-ray diffraction pattern x-ray photon zinc blende