V. The use of ei and ie. RULE.-In such words as receive, relieve, &c., ei is used if the letter c precedes; as, receive, deceive; but ie is used if any other letter precedes; as, relieve, believe. EXERCISE.-Correct the mistakes, if any, in the following words: retreive, perceive, acheive, repreive, concieve. SECOND PART. ETYMOLOGY. 72. The second part of Grammar is called ETY MOLOGY. 73. Etymology treats of WORDS. 74. Words are considered in regard to their Classification, Inflection, and Derivation. 75. By the Classification of words is meant the arrangement of them into different classes, according to their signification and use. 76. By the Inflection of words is meant the change of form which they undergo. 77. By the Derivation of words is meant tracing them to their original form and meaning. PARTS OF SPEECH. 8. The different classes of words are called RTS of SPEECH. 9. The Parts of Speech in English are nine; nely, the ARTICLE, NOUN, ADJECTIVE, PRONOUN, RB, ADVERB, CONJUNCTION, PREPOSITION, and TERJECTION. Definitions of the Parts of Speech. An ARTICLE is a word placed before a noun to ow whether the noun is used in a definite, or in indefinite sense. A NOUN is the name of any person, place, or thing. An ADVERB is a word used to qualify a verb, an jective, or another adverb. A CONJUNCTION is a word used to connect words d sentences. A PREPOSITION is a word placed before a noun show its relation to some other word. An INTERJECTION is a word used in making a adden exclamation. ARTICLES. 80. An ARTICLE is a word placed before a noun o show whether the noun is used in a definite, or in n indefinite sense. should come tot de R DE DEL BUNU VA weich he next vort begins. Soutesmes & egroning of a wort as he sound f&enssner Zus, I ne a sountert f he wert egen an : & SMS 3 Outer is í he word egna vah. In se asee de inte nomā je z On the ther and he consent to egning if a word is sometimes not sounded, is a aned renounced mest'. In hat use he state goulie the blowing words, and words serived fem tem are one of tuse men begin with alent i otur ierast, inter leer ler iteter, humble, istler se. drm means me mis ei mir betre the singular number: & nun. In IDÈ 35. The is set betre a numbers: as the man, the men. Norr - må he may be unsteret be sme as me and that, only shhrevisted in irm, ani mempiatto in mesning. (See Appendix 4. Forg 2-Some as n he angular without an article before them are aten in the viiest sense or a viule species; * man, for mankind. This usage, however, is by no means miroval. On the untrary, in many voris, de arcicie is used for this very poringe; as, the horse, fr horses in general. Exams-Tame the aportoriate indefinite article to be need before each of the following wiris: Eve, watch, one-eyed man, Zoropean, ambraila, use, end, day, opening, engineer. Paren Ezzaci32.-Parse 立 "in the sentence "Give me rse each of the articles in the following sentence: The man in the right place is a rare and happy sight. NOUNS. 6. A NOUN is the name of any person, place, or g; as, boy, school, book. OTE 1.—The word thing in the foregoing definition is used s widest sense, to signify not merely external objects which be seen and handled, but whatever may be a subject of ght or discourse. OTE 2.—Letters and words used technically are to be conred nouns; as, "C is sounded hard before a, o, u, &c.;" "Me is a pronoun." means pound.” CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS. 37. Nouns are. divided into two classes, PROPER, COMMON. 38. A PROPER noun is a name given to only one a class of objects; as, John, London, Delaware. NOTE.-A Proper noun should always begin with a capital cer. 39. A COMMON noun is a name given to any one a class of objects; as, boy, city, river. EXERCISES.-Which of the following nouns are Proper, and ich Common? Which should begin with a capital letter? nark, austria, empire, country, holland, queen, victoria, nois, poet, milton. Naine five Common nouns, and five Proper nouns, besides ose in the foregoing list. 90. Some Common Nouns are further classified as COLECTIVE, ABSTRACT, VERBAL, and DIMINUTIVE. 91. A COLLECTIVE noun is the name of a collection of objects nsidered as one; as, army, crowd. A Collective noun is also 92. An ABSTRACT noun is one which denotes the name of a quality apart from the substance to which it belongs; as, sweetness, beauty. Abstract nouns are derived from adjectives. 93. A VERBAL noun is one derived from a verb; as, reading. It is also called a PARTICIPIAL noun. 94. A DIMINUTIVE noun is one derived from another noun, and expressing some object of the same kind but smaller; as, stream, streamlet; leaf, leaflet; hill, hillock; duck, duckling; goose, gosling. EXERCISES.-To what kind or class does each of the following Common nouns belong? islet, spelling, lambkin, hillock, acuteness, loyalty, flock, senate. Name three Collective nouns; three Abstract nouns; three Verbal nouns; three Diminutive nouns. ATTRIBUTES OF NOUNS. 95. Nouns have the attributes of Gender, Number, Person, and Case. A noun has the attribute of Gender from its expressing sex; of Number, from its expressing unity and plurality; of Person, from its expressing the relation of the noun to the speaker; and of Case, from its expressing the relation of the noun to some verb, preposition, or other noun. GENDER. 96. Gender is the distinction of nouns in regard to SEX. NOTE.-Pronouns also have gender. 97. Nouns have three genders, MASCULINE, FEMININE, and NEUTER. 98. The Masculine denotes objects of THE MALE SEX; as, boy, man. 99. The Feminine denotes objects of THE FEMALE SEX; as, girl, woman. A A |