Ob (oc, of, o, op) signifies opposition; as, obstacle, something standing in opposition.

Omni signifies all; as, omnipotent, all powerful.

Per signifies through or thoroughly; as, perfect, thoroughly
done, finished.

Post signifies after; as, postscript, written after.
Præ or pre signifies before; as, prepaid, paid before.

Pro signifies forth or forwards; as, promote, to move forwards.
Præter or preter signifies past or beyond; as, preternatural,
beyond the course of nature.

Re signifies again or back; as, regain, to gain back.
Retro signifies backwards; as, retrograde, going backwards.
Se signifies apart or without; as, secrete, to hide, to put aside.
Sine signifies without; as, sinecure, without care or labor.
Sub signifies under; as, submarine, under the sea.
Super signifies above or over; as, superscribe, to write abovo

or over.

Trans signifies over, from one place to another; as, transport, to carry over.

PREFIXES OF GREEK ORIGIN.

A or an signifies privation or without; as, anonymous, with

out a name.

Amphi signifies both or the two; as, amphibious, having two lives, or capable of living both on land and in water.

Ana signifies through or up; as, anatomy, (literally) a cutting

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up.

Anti (ant) signifies against; as, antichristian, against Christianity; antarctic, opposite the arctic.

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Apo (ap) signifies from; as, apogee, from the earth; aphelion,
from the sun.

Dia signifies through; as, diameter, a measure through.
Epi signifies upon; as, epidemic, upon or among the people.
Hyper signifies over, above; as, hypercritical, over critical,
too critical.

Hypo signifies under, implying concealment; as, hypocrite, a
person concealing his real character.

Meta signifies change, transmutation; as, metamorphosis, a ange of shape.

Mono signifies single; as, monosyllable, a word of one syllable. Para signifies beyond, on one side; as, paradox, an opinion yond or contrary to the general opinion.

Peri signifies round or about; as. perimeter, a measure round. Poly signifies many; as, polysyilable, a word of many syl bles.

Semi (demi, hemi) signifies half; as, semicircle, half of a rcle; hemisphere, half of a sphere.

Syn (sy, syl, sym) signifies with, together; as, sympathy, feelg with.

311. The third part of Grammar is called SYNTAX. 312. SYNTAX treats of SENTENCES.

313. A SENTENCE is a number of words making - complete sense; as, Man is mortal.

314. Two or more words rightly put together, and not making a complete sense, are called a PHRASE.

315. The principal parts of a sentence are the SUBJECT (or nominative), the ATTRIBUTE (or verb), and the OBJECT.

Thus, in the sentence, "John studies his lesson," "John" is the subject, or thing of which the affirmátion is made, "studies" is the attribute, or thing affirmed, and "lessons" is the object.

316. A SIMPLE sentence is one which contains but one subject and one finite verb; as, Life is short.

317. A COMPOUND sentence contains two or more simple sentences, connected by one or more conjunctions; as, Life is short, but art is long.

318. ELLIPSIS in Grammar means the omission of one or more words necessary to complete the sense.

NOTE.-Parsing consists in stating the grammatical properties and relations of words, and the rules of Syntax which properly apply to them. (See Appendix 24.).

RULE I.

THE SUBJECT OF A VERB MUST BE IN THE NOMINATIVE CASE.

EXPLANATION.-The subject of the verb is that of which the assertion is made. "The book is in the desk." The subject of the assertion here is "book." It is that which is asserted to be in the desk. "John and I went home." Here there are two subjects, "John" and "I." It is they of whom we say that they "went home." Now, the subject of the verb, that of which anything is asserted, must be in the nominative case. It would be contrary to the Rule, therefore, to say, "John and me went home," because "me," one of the subjects, is not in the nominative case.

NOTES.

1. Complex names, such as George Washington, Charles Henry Grant, &c., should be taken together in parsing, as if they were one word. Thus, we would say, "Charles Henry Grant" is a noun, &c.

2. The subject of the verb may be an Infinitive Mood, or a part of a sentence, taken as a noun; as, "To behave properly will gain for us a good name," "Thou shalt not kill, is the sixth commandment." In the former of these examples, "To behave" is the subject of the verb, just as "behavior" would be, if the sentence were written, "Proper behavior will gain for us a good name."

3. A noun or a pronoun addressed, and not the subject of any verb, is in the NOMINATIVE CASE Independent; as, “Father, forgive them." In many languages, this construction forms a distinct case, called the Vocative.

4. A noun or a pronoun put before a participle as its subject, and not being the subject of any verb, is in the NOMINATIVE CASE ABSOLUTE; as, "My father dying, I was left an orphan."

5. In the construction called the case absolute, the nominative is the subject of the participle; and the two words taken together form a dependent clause equivalent to a nominative and a verb, preceded by a conjunctión or an adverb. Thus, "Whose grey top shall tremble, he descending;” that is, “when he descends." (See Appendix 25.)