Surfactant AggregationSurface Active Agents (surfactants) are vital components in biological systems, form key ingredients in consumer products and play an important role in many industrial processes. For example, cell membranes owe their structure to the aggregation of surfactants known as lipids which form a major component of the membrane. Other natural surfactants occur in the digestive system, in the lungs, and even in such substances as crude oil. Man-made surfactants are used in a wide range of domestic and industrial products and processes. In addition to detergents and personal care products, surfactants have found uses in almost every branch of the chemical industry as well as in several other industries. These include dyestuffs, fibres, mineral process ing, oil field chemicals, paints, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and plastics. Surfactants are versatile materials which are manufactured in a huge variety of forms to suit all of these applications. As a result of their importance, the technical literature on all aspects of surfactant behaviour is now very extensive. Surprisingly, however, the treatment in textbooks has been somewhat fragmented, often in the form of conference proceedings or edited, multi-authored works, both lacking in continuity. |
Contents
1 | |
References | 31 |
LangmuirBlodgett multilayers | 61 |
References | 79 |
37 | 126 |
Mixedmicelle formation | 130 |
General phase behaviour of surfactants | 147 |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
adsorbed adsorption aggregation number air/water interface alkyl alkyl chains amphiphilic anionic anionic surfactant behaviour bilayer bulk chain length Chem chemical Clint component concentration of surfactant counterions critical micelle concentration curve decrease detergent diffraction dispersion dodecyl sulphate droplets effect electrolyte electrostatic emulsion enthalpy equation equilibrium example foam head group hydrated hydrocarbon hydrophilic hydrophobic increase insoluble monolayers interactions Interface Sci interfacial tension ionic surfactants isotherm Krafft lamellar phase Langmuir Langmuir-Blodgett Langmuir-Blodgett films layers LB films lipid liposomes liquid crystal lyotropic measured membranes method micellar solution micelle formation micellisation microemulsion mixed micelles mixtures mole fraction monolayer monomer multilayers neutron non-ionic surfactants oil/water particles phase diagram Phys polar polymer produce properties scattering shown in Figure sodium sodium dodecyl sulphate solid surface solubilised solubility structure surface pressure surface tension surfactant concentration surfactant molecules surfactant solution technique temperature thermodynamic thickness values viscosity X-ray zwitterionic zwitterionic surfactants