Fundamentals of Structural GeologyFundamentals of Structural Geology provides a new framework for the investigation of geological structures by integrating field mapping and mechanical analysis. Assuming a basic knowledge of physical geology, introductory calculus and physics, it emphasizes the observational data, modern mapping technology, principles of continuum mechanics, and the mathematical and computational skills, necessary to quantitatively map, describe, model, and explain deformation in Earth's lithosphere. By starting from the fundamental conservation laws of mass and momentum, the constitutive laws of material behavior, and the kinematic relationships for strain and rate of deformation, the authors demonstrate the relevance of solid and fluid mechanics to structural geology. This book offers a modern quantitative approach to structural geology for advanced students and researchers in structural geology and tectonics. It is supported by a website hosting images from the book, additional colour images, student exercises and MATLAB scripts. Solutions to the exercises are available to instructors. |
Contents
I Structural mapping techniques and tools | 25 |
Chapter 3 | 75 |
scaling | 120 |
I Deformation and flow | 152 |
I Force traction and stress | 194 |
I Conservation of mass and momentum | 243 |
I Elastic deformation | 287 |
I Brittle behavior | 333 |
I Viscous flow | 384 |
I I Rheological behavior | 421 |
I Model development and methodology | 456 |
| 478 | |
| 497 | |
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Common terms and phrases
acting angle approximately arbitrary axes axial axis behavior body force boundary conditions Cartesian coordinate system chevron folds circle compressive stress constant contour coordinate system curvature curvature vector curve defined density derivative dike dimensionless direction displacement elastic equations example fault flow function geological geologists geometry Henry Mountains horizontal indicial notation infinitesimal initial isotropic kinematic laboratory laccolith layer length linear elastic magma magnitude material measured mechanical modulus momentum motion normal stress normal vector orientation parallel parameter particle perturbing planar element plane plate plot Poisson's ratio Pollard position vector pressure principal stress quantities radius ratio referred rock mass sandstone scalar scale shear fracture shear stress shown in Fig side slip solution spatial sphere strain stress components structural geology surface tangent vector tectonic tensile tensor thickness tion traction vector uniaxial unit normal vertical viscous viscous fluid volume Young's modulus zero