indispensable to the elucidation of these themes, makes their treatment necessarily voluminous. Nevertheless, as regards the best order of study for pupils in Literature, all these subjects are subsequent to the handling of Rhetoric, as exemplified in the work now submitted to the public.

ABERDEEN, May, 1888.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

Designations of Emotional Qualities: Examples of the Critical

Vocabulary,

ART EMOTIONS CLASSIFIED.

1. The Feelings of the human mind are characterized by Pleasure,

Pain or Neutrality,

...

...

2. Pleasures and Pains divided under Sensations and Emotions.

The artistic senses are Sight and Hearing,

3. Objects of Sight enter into Poetry by verbal suggestion,

4. The Emotions have numerous artistic bearings,...

5. The Art Emotions have reference to still deeper sources of

6. Pre-eminence g.ven to the contrasting couple—LovE and

MALEVOLENCE,

...

...

7. Place of the Emotion of FEAR,

8. Literary Art embraces various feelings coming under the com-

prehensive term EGOTISM,

6

9. Importance attached to SYMPATHY in the artistic point of view,

10. Pleasure of discovering UNITY in Multitude,

11. Interest of PLOT allied with our Activity,

12. Relation of the USEFUL and the Beautiful,

13. Admission of agreeable experiences generally when purged of

grossness,

14. Special Pleasure of IMITATION,

7

ib.

...

ib.

9

15. Interest arising from Associations,

AIDS TO EMOTIONAL QUALITIES.

Common end-the evoking of Emotion of the pleasurable kind.

Aids and precautions applicable throughout,

b

11

PAGE

REPRESENTATIVE VOCABULARY.

1. Comprehensive requirement of REPRESENTATIVE FORCE in the

Language. Names classified with this view,

...

2. Language helped out by extraneous circumstances :-(1) Causes

or Occasions of Feeling; (2) Conduct that follows; (3)

effect on Belief; (4) influence on the Thoughts; (5) sub-
mergence of Opposing States; (6) Comparisons.

11

...

ib.

342

13

15

CONCRETENESS AND OBJECTIVITY.

1. Importance attached to CONCRETENESS,

2. Superiority of OBJECTIVE phraseology,

17

ib.

...

18

19

3. Treatment for promoting Concreteness and Objectivity,
4. Requisite of Accumulation and Combination of ideas and images,

PERSONIFICATION.

1. Meaning and Scope of PERSONIFICATION,

...

2. First condition-the stimulus of a leading emotion,

3. Second-a sufficient amount of resemblance,

4. Third-a measured comparison with human might,

5. Fourth-succession to a climax,

21

25

26

...

6. Two degrees of Personification. I. Ascription of feelings, will
and distinction of gender,

1. The most imperative and all-pervading condition of a work of

2. Compatible and incompatible Emotions. Adjustment of nice

emotional meanings,...

3. Painful and repugnant subjects either alleviated or aggravated
by adjustment of harmonies,...

4. Harmony comprehends UNITY in multitude,

EXAMPLES OF HARMONY AND DISCORD.

Example from Coleridge; Milton's Hymn on the Nativity,

and Lycidas; Shakespeare's dramatic background of

nature in harmony with his incidents; the Greek poets;

Tennyson; Gray,

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

xix

PAGE

36

38

39

40

41

42'

...

IDEALITY.

1. Meaning and purpose of IDEALITY. Leading examples of its

employment,

...

...

...

2. Two forms :-(1) actual experience improved upon; (2) delinea-

tions out of all respect to actuality,

3. Conditions requisite :-I. The emotions appealed to must be

powerful; II. The manner of appeal must be adequate,...

4. Limitations imposed by the consideration of Truth,

5. Influence of distance, obscurity and mystery,

6. Abnegnation of the Ideal in favour of the Realistic in Art.

Imitation,

NOVELTY.

1. NOVELTY embraces Variety and Proportional presentation.

The highest form is Originality,

6. Varying the length and structure of Sentences,

7. Alternation in the use of Figures,...

8. Varying the Interest as a Whole,...

ACTION AND PLOT.

1. Feeling of suspense, called the interest of PLOT, ..

2. Leading conditions of its effectiveness,

REFINEMENT.

1. Grossness of animal passions converted into REFINED PLEASURE,

2. Review of methods already adduced,

2. Consistency of development,

3. Choice of Characters very wide, but still conditional,

SUBJECTS.

In Art compositions, something depends on the SUBJECT.

There are both aiding and impeding subjects,

NATURE AS A SUBJECT.

Successive forms and stages of Nature interest,

...

STRENGTH.

Strength as nearly synonymous with Sublimity.

into the manifestation of superior might.

treatment,

SUBJECTS OF STRENGTH.

PAGE

53

Resolved

Order of

55

1. Divided into Personal and Impersonal,

PERSONAL PHYSICAL STRENGTH.

2. The interest in Persons is in part Physical. This largely

evoked in poetic art,...

MORAL STRENGTH.

3. Strength as shown in the Feelings and the Will. Meaning of

56

ib.

58

INTELLECTUAL STRENGTH.

4. Various forms of Intellectual superiority. Eulogies of men of

genius. Pope's 'Temple of Fame,'

...

INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL STRENGTH COMBINED.

5. Great Leaders. Ulysses. Mythical Heroes. Collective Strength

makes the strength of Kings, Generals and Heads of

Parties,

IMPERSONAL STRENGTH.

6. The Inanimate world furnishes objects of Sublimity,

CONSTITUENTS OF STRENGTH.

1. Strength a Complex quality. It varies according to its ex-

traneous emotional accompaniments,

2. The Infliction of Suffering a source of pleasure, under the check

of sympathy. Special illustrative case-the interest in

War or Conflict,