Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards, and Health : Assessment of Risk and Risk Management for Water-related Infectious DiseaseThe potential to increase consistency in approaches to assessment and management of water-related microbial hazards was tackled by an international group of experts concerned with drinking water irrigation and wastewater use and recreational/bathing water. It included individuals with expertise in public health epidemiology risk assessment risk management standards and regulation communication and economics. Subsequently a series of reviews was progressively developed and refined which addressed the principal issues of concern linking water and health to the establishment and implementation of effective affordable and efficient guidelines and standards. This book is based on these reviews together with the discussions of the harmonised framework and the issues surrounding it. This book will prove invaluable to all those concerned with issues relating to microbial water quality and health including environmental and public health scientists water scientists policy makers and regulators. |
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Page 4
... streptococci/enterococci) related to defined levels of risk 'Annapolis Protocol' proposes a series of interventions The three guidelines differ appreciably from one another, reflecting the state of scientific advance in the three ...
... streptococci/enterococci) related to defined levels of risk 'Annapolis Protocol' proposes a series of interventions The three guidelines differ appreciably from one another, reflecting the state of scientific advance in the three ...
Page 35
... streptococci and gastroenteritis published in Kay et al. (1994), assuming a population exposed of 1000 individuals and a resultant disease burden of 71 cases of gastroenteritis. Figure 2.4. Dose–response curve linking faecal ...
... streptococci and gastroenteritis published in Kay et al. (1994), assuming a population exposed of 1000 individuals and a resultant disease burden of 71 cases of gastroenteritis. Figure 2.4. Dose–response curve linking faecal ...
Page 36
... streptococci with excess probability of gastroenteritis (reproduced from Kay et al. 1999 with permission of John Wiley and Sons Limited). PPT: person to person transmission; NWR: non-water related. Assuming universally applicable ...
... streptococci with excess probability of gastroenteritis (reproduced from Kay et al. 1999 with permission of John Wiley and Sons Limited). PPT: person to person transmission; NWR: non-water related. Assuming universally applicable ...
Page 37
... streptococci in bathing waters – curve adjusted to have a total area of 1000 (reproduced from Kay et al. 1999 with ... streptococci cfu/100ml levels. The final guideline is not a 95 percentile but an absolute level of 1,000 faecal ...
... streptococci in bathing waters – curve adjusted to have a total area of 1000 (reproduced from Kay et al. 1999 with ... streptococci cfu/100ml levels. The final guideline is not a 95 percentile but an absolute level of 1,000 faecal ...
Page 69
... streptococci and acute gastrointestinal disease (Ferley et al. 1986; Zmirou et al. 1987). Faecal coliforms did not appear to be independently related to acute disease. Total coliforms and total bacteria showed no correlation with ...
... streptococci and acute gastrointestinal disease (Ferley et al. 1986; Zmirou et al. 1987). Faecal coliforms did not appear to be independently related to acute disease. Total coliforms and total bacteria showed no correlation with ...
Other editions - View all
Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards & Health Lorna Fewtrell,Jamie Bartram No preview available - 2001 |
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acceptable analysis application approach appropriate areas assessment associated bacteria bacteriophages benefits burden cause changes Chapter coli coliforms concentration concern considered contamination costs critical defined detection determine developing countries diarrhoea disease drinking water economic effects environment environmental epidemiological estimate et al evaluation example excreta exposure factors faecal Figure framework given guidelines hazards human identified impact implementation important improved incidence increase indicator individual infection interventions irrigation issues lead limit mean measures methods microbiological monitoring occur outbreaks pathogens period pollution population possible potential practice present problems produce protection public health reduce relative reported responsible risk risk assessment samples sanitation setting significant society specific standards surveillance Table transmission treatment values wastewater water quality water supply waterborne World Health Organization