have produced (such is the writer's opinion) the genuine and dangerous smallpox in an individual who should not have been previously subjected to either inoculation or vaccination. The vaccine, indeed, is not a new disease; it is merely a mild modification of, and therefore a most happy substitute for, small-pox ; and those speculatists have, it is presumed, REPORT OF CHEMISTRY AND EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY. SIR HUMPHREY DAVY, often original, and always ingenious, has discharged a lance in ambuscade against the new Theory of Electricity, which theory asserts that electricity is always an effect, and that no fluid sui generis, or power per se, is its cause. The President has made some experiments within an aërial vacuum formed by glass, forgetting, however, that glass is always simultaneously affected on both sides, and is itself a much better electric even than air. His experiments, of course, are good for nothing as to his purpose, unless they could be made with a body not susceptible of action on the side next the air, as well as on the side next the vacuum, and not an electric. He talks, too, as usual, about attractions, &c. as though the very notion of attraction, or of the pushing of bodies from their opposite sides, (where neither are,) had not been proved to be essentially absurd, and as a doctrine was not palpably disgraceful to the human intellect. We wish him to keep the field: he must not, however, try air or its vacuum by the test of glass, for they both stand in similar relations to electric phenomena; and Sir Humphrey admits that the coated glass surrounding his vacuum became charged! In truth it was the glass, and not the vacuum, which was acted upon, and hence all his deductions are totally erroneous. He then throws some dust in the eyes of his readers, by quoting Hooke, Boyle, and Enler, who could know nothing of electricity, ignorant as they were of the subsequent gaseous discoveries of Priestley. Even as it is more troublesome to be a rogue than an honest man, so the advocates of the superstitious philosophy will find it infinitely more trou blesome to give plausibility to the nonsense which they espouse, than to study the Theory of Matter and Motion, and yield to its irresistible evidence. The course of honour is plain; but "as it was in the begin ning, so it will be," &c. Truth and common sense must prevail, but not till they have fought the usual number of campaigns against prejudices in authority. A young Chemist has lately invented a new mode of tanning leather, by which raw hides are made perfect leather in less than six weeks, instead of lying twelve months in the tan-pit, as heretofore. The expense, too, is less than onehalf by the new process. The gentleman who has bought the discoverer's invention is a noted opposition member and con tractor; and, from the terms of his stipu lation with the fortunate chemist, we may form some judgment of the probable mag nitude of the results. He has paid him 10,000l. down; he has giving him obligatory deeds, securing hini 5,000l. on the 1st of January; 5,000l. per annum for the four years next succeeding, and afterwards 11,000l. a-year for life! It is expected that the price of a pair of boots will not exceed eight shillings; and that a corresponding fall will be produced in all articles of leather manufacture. The waters of the Polar Seas abound with a variety of tints, from a deep blue to an olive-green. This does not depend on the state of the atmosphere, but merely on the quantity of the waters; they ap pear to be subdivided into spaces or par titions of different shades, wherein the fishermen more frequently find whales than in any other part of the sea. It has long been conceived that the greenish waters derive their colour from the bottom of the sea; but Mr. W. SCORESBY, cap tain of a whaler, and member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, has discovered in these waters, by aid of the microscope, a vast number of spherical globules, semitransparent, accompanied with small fine filaments, loose, not unlike little portions of very fine hair. These globules carry on their surface twelve nebulosities, consisting of brownish points, in alternate pairs of four or six. Mr. Scoresby considers these globules as animals of the Medusa kind. The filamentous or thready substance is composed of parts which, in their greatest dimensions, are about the 1710th part of an inch. When examined with the strongest lens, each filament appears to be a series of moniliform articafations, the number of which in the largest filament is about 300; the diameter is about 17300th part of an inch. These substances were found many times to vary their aspect; and Mr. S. is unable to determine whether they are living animals, capable of self-motion; but he entertains no doubt of the different tints of the Polar Seas being produced by them. By his calculation, a cubic foot of this water may contain 110,592 globules of the Medusa kind, and a cubic mile about 25,888,000 hundreds of millions. He conceives that these these animalcula are the constant food of the scuttle-fish, and other species of the Mollusca kind, which are abundant in the Polar Seas, and which in their turn become the prey of different species of whales. A plan was sometime ago proposed of introducing the air-pump into the French West-India colonies, in the works for the making of sugar; but the execution has been delayed, from obstacles of different kinds. This improvement, however, is now realised in the refining works of Messrs. HOWARD and HODGSON, in this country; and by its action the molasses may be boiled to a very low temperature (below 100° of Fahrenheit). In boiling, inclosed vessels are made use of, which interrupt the pressure of the atmosphere. This process is also applied to the drying of paper in the vacuum, and to the art of dying, when a finer colour is obtained by expelling the air. A Report on the comparative nutritive properties of food was lately presented to the French Minister of the Interior, by Messrs. PERCY and VAUQUELIN. The result was as follows:-In bread every hundred pounds weight are found to coutain eighty pounds of nutritious matter; butcher's meat (averaging the various sorts,) contains only thirty-five pounds in one hundred; French beans (in the grain), ninety-two in one hundred; broad beans, eighty-nine; peas, ninety-three; lentiles, (a kind of half pea, but little known in England,) ninety-four pounds in one hundred; greens and turnips (which are the most aqueous of all vegetables used for domestic purposes,) furnish only eight pounds of solid nutritious substance in one hundred; carrots, fourteen pounds; and, what is very remarkable, as being in opposition to the hitherto acknowledged theory, one hundred pounds of potatoes only yield twenty-five pounds of substance valuable as nutrition. One pound of good bread is equal to two pounds and a-half or three pounds of the best potatoes; and seventyfive pounds of bread, and thirty pounds of meat, are equal to three hundred pounds of potatoes; or, to go more into detail, three quarters of a pound of bread and five ounces of meat are equal to three pounds of potatoes; one pound of potatoes is equal to four pounds of cabbage and three of turnips; but one pound of rice, broad beans, or French beans (in grain), is equal to three pounds of potatoes. GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA.A speci men of a toad, which was taken alive from the centre of a mass of solid stone, has been sent to the College-Museum of Edinburgh by Lord Duncan.-SPIX and MARTINS, the Batavian naturalists, during their residence in Brazil, found bones of the Megatherium in limestone caves. Several of the large bones of the mammoth have been lately discovered in the province of Groningen, and deposited in the public museum.-Another fissure or cave, containing bones of quadrupeds, has been discovered in the limestone of Yorkshire.A cave, near Sundwich in Westphalia, 1500 yards in extent, has been found to contain bones and skeletons of an unknown species of bear. 888 2 8 4 16 Oct. 25. to 210 5 3 0 0 percwt. do. fine 6 14 0 7 8 6 12 7 2 0 do. Mocha 8.10 Cotton, W. L. common.. 0 0 7 Demerara.......... 0 Currants.. 0 8 -10 10 0 do. - 0 0 0 8 per lb. 0 10 5 10 do. O per cwt. Sherry .......... 20 0 0 50 0 0 20 0 0 69725000 4 5 0 4 10 0 do. do. 0 2 7 6 do. 251 0 2 54 per lb. 0 6 0 do. 70 Ο O per pipe do. Premiums of Insurance.-Guernsey or Jersey, 20s. a 258.-Cork or Dublin, 20s. a 25s. -Belfast, 20s. a 258.-Hambro', 15s. a 20s.-Madeira, 20s. a 30s.-Jamaica, 40s. a 50s. Greenland, out and home, 5 gs. to 8 gs. Course of Exchange, Oct. 25.-Amsterdam, 12 2.-Hamburgh, 37 9.-Paris, 25 50. -Leghorn, 474.-Lisbon, 524.-Dublin, 94 per cent. Premiums on Shares and Canals, and Joint Stock Companies, at the Office of Wolfe and Edmonds'.-Birmingham, 580l,-Coventry, 1070l.-Derby, 1401.-Ellesmere, 634Grand Surrey, 541.-Grand Union, 18.-Grand Junction, 2451.-Grand Western, 34. -Leeds and Liverpool, 3651.-Leicester, 300l.-Loughbro', 3500l.-Oxford, 7501Trent and Mersey, 1910.-Worcester, 26l. 10s.-East India Docks, 1187.-West India, 188.-Southwark BRIDGE, 231.-Strand, l.-Royal Exchange ASSURANCE, 2651.-Albion, 53l.-Globe, 135.-GAS LIGHT COMPANY, 711-City Ditto, 1171. -London, The 3 per cent. Reduced, on the 26th was 62; 3 per cent. Consols, 82; 31 per cent. 93; 4 per cent. 994; 4 per cent. (1822) 103. Gold in bars, 31. 178. 6d. per oz.-New doubloons, 3l. 158. Od.-Silver in bars, 48. 11žd. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BANKRUPTCIES announced between the 20th of Sept. and the 20th of Oct. 1822: extracted from the London Gazette. Baker, S. Liston, Essex, miller. (Wiglesworth, L. Blackband, G. Gnosall, Staffordshire, grocer. (Hicks, L. Bolton, E. Birmingham, victualler. (Long and Co. Braithwaite, W. Leeds, manufacturer. (Makinson Buckley, J. Saddleworth, Yorkshire, woollen-cloth Cayme, J. jun, and F. B. Watts, Yeovill, Somersetshire, spirit-merchants. (Chilton Chapman, G. Old Bond-street, fruiterer. (Swain and Co. Chambers, C. Steel-yard, Upper Thames street, ironmonger. (Cole Clark, W. Maiden-lane, Covent-garden, soda-water Clark, G. D. Strand, merchant. (Dodd Day, J. Fenchurch-buildings, merchant. (Lane Fenner, T. jun. and J. Why, Holborn, lacemen. Franceys, S. and F. P. Liverpool, marble-masons. (Adlington and Co. L. Frost, Anderson, A. Philpot-lane Berty, M. Newsome Cross, Yorksh. Boyes, J. jun. Wansford, Yorksh. Charles-st. Grosvenor-square Bryan, W. L. and R. G. Gunnell, Poultry Blowen, J. H. Mint-square, Tower-hill Bliss, N. Water-lane, Fleet-street Burgess, D. and M. Lord, Rochdale Burall, J. Swansea Byass, H. Rayleigh Chapman, W. Gravesend Coates, C. Stanton Drew, Somersetshire Collier, T. Newport, Shropshire Cropper, T. Warrington, Lancash. Creswell, R. Burgh-in-the-Marsh, Lincolnshire Davidson, W. and A. Garnitt, Day, R. Crooked-lane Edwards, J. Vine-st. Spitalfields Findley, J. L. Sparrow Corner, Middleton, W. Liverpool, tea-dealer. (Chester, L. Musson, V. Gelding-street, Bermondsey, baker. (Wilkinson, L. Oldfield, R. S. Hull, merchant. (Shaw, L. Palfrey, W. Hinchwick, Gloucestershire, farmer. (Pritchard, L. Pearson, T. Walford, Staffordshire, maltster. (Hubbard and Co. Cheadle Prideaux, P. C. Plymouth, timber-merchant. (Wright, L. Salmon, S. Regent-street, stationer. (Fielder Watson, G. B. Rock Lodge, Durham, corn-merchant, (Meggison and Co. L. Webber, J. Bath, currier. (Mackinson, L. Weaver, G. Bristol, ironmonger. (Pool, I. DIVIDENDS. Good, P. P. Clapton Haggart, J. Limehouse-hole Harris, T. St. Nicholas, Worcester Handley, J. Coton, Staffordshire Harrison, J. Sandwich Hayton, J. W. Greenfield, Flint- Jones, E. Tattenhall, Cheshire Kermode, W. Liverpool Kuibb, B. Billingborough, Lin. colnshire Knight, T. Chipping Sodbury Landon, T. Hartford, Cheshire Leach, S. and J. Hinchcliff, Cateaton-street Mabson, W. Kelsall, Suffolk M'Nair, A. Abchurch-lane Melhuish, J. Crediton, Devonsh. Mills, J.Water-lane, Tower-street Millward, J. Redditch, Worcestershire Miller, J. C. and A. Bishopsgate street Mitchell, E. and S. Norwich Matthews, T. High Holborn Parker, J. Chappel-street, Maryle-bone Peters, J. and F. Weston, Bristol Pigot, W. Ratcliffe-highway MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. OUR latest crop, the potatoe, has been universally harvested and stored, fully justifying the predictions as to quantity and quality. The quantity of this admirable American root at present cultivated in Britain and Ireland, compared with the growth of half a century since, may be stated as more than fifteen to one. From the continuance of the drought throughout September, the wheat seed-season was somewhat late, but the warm and genial rains of the present month enabled the farmer to complete it in the best manner; the young wheats are every where above ground, and, upon warm and fruitful soils, make a beautiful and luxuriant ap pearance. pearance. With reference to the present agricultural distress, a very small extent of land, indeed, has been thrown out of culture; the reason sufficiently obvious. In Ireland even, the land left uncultivated is comparatively small. Both islands superabound with all the necessaries of life, and the one thing needful is a good export trade; a blessing, whether at present or in future, unattainable under an insane and flagitious slave-burden of taxation. But may the people, who are enamoured of tax-paying, enjoy their idol! The warm showers have greatly improved the turnips; and, upon fine light lands, some winter roots have been sown, with other green crops for spring cattle food. Much is not reported of the carrot crop, but we be lieve it to be good, affording an opportunity to those who judiciously allow that most wholesome diet to their horses, as a substitute for part of their corn. The prices of corn have been somewhat steady of late; indeed, fine samples have generally hitherto fetched a considerable price; and, until lately, the same might have been said of the superior articles in the flesh markets. There is an universal overflow in the country markets and fairs; the population is fully supplied, and the means in operation for the re-production of such effect; thence, the notion that a mere change of currency can possibly prove remedial in the case, is the most extravagant and fanciful that was ever set afloat. There is a prospect that a commutation will take place in the title system of Ireland; and, if the just and the needful in that ancient grievance be not shortly effected in this country, our national character will suffer, in an equal degree, with our national interest and prosperity. The late numbers of sales, under execution, of farming stock, exceed all possible ideas or speculation. The hard-heartedness some landlords has been chronicled ; but, we believe, generally, the proprietors have done all in their power to support their distressed tenantry; and, if the report of the Bath paper be correct, the noble head of the house of Berkeley has gained immortal honour. of Smithfield:-Beef, 28. to 38.—Mutton, 20d. to 3s.-Veal, 28. to 48.-Pork, 18. 8d. to 38. 4d.-Lamb, 2s. 6d. to 2s. 8d.Bacon, -Raw fat, 28. 61d. Corn Exchange:-Wheat, 23s. to 52s -Barley, 18s. to 34s.--Oats, 178. to 30s. -London price of best bread, 4lb. for 74d. Hay, 55s. to 88s.--Clover, do. 70s. to 88s.-Straw, 278. to 40s. Coals in the pool, 38s. 6d. to 46s. 6d. POLITICAL AFFAIRS IN OCTOBER. EUROPE. HE nations of Europe, under the barbarians of the North into the affairs of the civilized world; and aspiring we should become wholly if Muscovite, have been assembled by their representatives during the month at Verona. What good to mankind can result from such a confederacy? We tremble as our pen passes over the paper; for Despots do not confederate to promote liberty, and, if the Jews of London are permitted to lend money for any purpose whatever, then the fortunes of Europe arc at the disposal of Jews, and of Cossacks, and other barbarians, whom money can bring in countless hordes into the field. Never could the condition of the world be more unfortunate or ignominious than to be thus placed under the avarice of Jews, and the swords of Tartars! But we are told that the British ministry will no longer concur in sustaining the frightful ascendancy of Russia; and, if it be not now too late, we hope it may prove so! Much as we abhor their past policy at home and abroad, we should become half-ministerial, if the British cabinet withhold their participation in the further introduction of the same ministers were to lend their avowed co-operation to the universal Greek, Spanish, and Portuguese, nations, in their struggles to acquire social emancipation. GREAT BRITAIN. The chief occupation of the merchants and speculators of London seems now to be directed to the negociation of Loans for foreign governments. Every country in the world has recently effected loans in London, and hence that diversion and appropriation of capital, the want of which is so much felt in the local markets of Britain. When, a few months ago, we fully explained that inadequate prices were owing to the periodical collection and transmission of every spare pound to London for taxes, received and accumulated by capitalists, many persons pretended that the amounts were nevertheless returned in transactions of commerce. We denied the fact; we shewed that at best the amounts were but fractionally returned; and that the accumulation of these fractions by |