tical with that of San Juan Bautista, was spoken in the ranchería of Tuichun. In fact, dialects of Mutsun extended from the Pacific coast across the whole of California up to the Sierra Nevada, for the idioms spoken by Powers' Miwok tribes are Mutsun also.

An harmonious and vocalic Wintún dialect was or is spoken by the Suisun Indians on the northern side of the Bay of San Francisco. At the mission of San Juan Bautista, originally inhabited by Mozones or Mocones or Mutsunes, we also find a colony of the Yókuts race and language, called Nopthrinthres, perhaps brought there by the missionaries. Another Yókuts dialect obtained by him is that of the Lathru-unum.

The vocabulary taken by the Padre at the mission of San Luis Obispo differs largely from San Antonio and Santa Barbara, but agrees with the Obispo terms printed in Transactions of American Ethnologic Society, vol. ii. (1848).

CHIMARIKO. As far as we can judge from the two hundred words obtained by Stephen Powers, this almost extinct tribe spoke an idiom which constitutes a linguistic family for itself. Its habitat is on the east branch of Trinity River, while the cognate, but extinct Chimalakwe was spoken on one of its tributaries, called New River. The language is vocalic; initial and medial syllables mostly end in vowels, but not final syllables. The numeral system is quinary, but, unlike that of the neighboring Pomo-Chimariko, shows some analogy with Wintún, with its northern dialects at least, by forming its plural in the same manner: tchimaritat, people; hupo-léchet, toes (hupo, foot); húshot, eyes, cf. Wintún; matat, ears; tumut, eyes; semut, fingers. Some resemblances may be traced also in the radicals of both idioms, as in Ch. tchélit, black; cf. W. tchololet, black; but they are too scanty to prove affinity. WASHO. This Nevada race, much reduced in numbers by contests with other Indians, once extended from Honey Lake to the southern shores of Lake Tahoe, the modern city of Reno, on the Central Pacific Railroad, forming almost the centre of their ancient habitat. In phonetics this language shows analogy with some Shoshoni dialects, by its tendency to nasalizing; tálung, neck; hánga, mouth. The primary vowels a, i, u largely predominate over the others, and ai, au seem to be the only dipthongs. The area of the Washo language borders to the west on the Maidu, and Stephen Powers gives the following instances of analogy with the neighboring Pit River language: ítsa, tooth; kukús, chest, breast, cf. Washo, tsátsa, tooth; tsikógus, chest.

Passing north into the vast timber and sage-brush lands, drained by

the Columbia river and other rivers running west of the coast range, we perceive that Oregon is almost as rich in linguistic areas as California. During my Oregonian trip, made in 1877, I obtained a list of words belonging to an idiom spoken on the State border, near Crescent City, Cal., on the Pacific coast, which was given to me as Shasti. Phonetically, as well as radically, it differed so much from the Shasti spoken on the Klamath river (and at the same time from Tinne and all the neighboring stocks), that I could only after a long study identify it with the western Shasti dialects. A tribe called Shasti Scoton is now settled on the Silitz reservation. On the same trip I also obtained a full classification of the dialects of the Kalapuya family of Willamet valley, which is as follows: 1. Atfálati (or Juálati, Wápatu), originally on Wápatu Lake, near Gaston, west of Portland City; 2. Yamhill, on the two Yamhill Creeks; 3. Lukamáyuk, on Lukamiute Creek; 4. Kalapuya proper, north of the Kalapuya Mountains, and west of the Willamet River; 5. Ahántchuyuk or Pudding River Indians, on Pudding River, and in French Prairie, east side of the valley; 6. Santiam (or Ahálpam "Uplanders"), on the lower banks of the two Santiam Creeks, their upper course being held by the Santiam-Molale; 7. Ayankéld (or Yónkalla), on the headwaters of Umpqua River. The dialects of Kalapuya differ but little among themselves, with the exception of that of the Ayankēld, which is almost unintelligible to the others.

It is strange that no traveler of scientific attainments has ever visited and sketched the Indian tribes of the Oregonian coast. That they are warlike, great quarrelers and exceedingly superstitious may be gathered from the early reports of the Commissioners of Indian Affairs. Of the languages spoken between the southern limits of the Selish stock (Jillamuk, Nehélim and Nestucca' are the Oregonian dialects of Selish) and the Tinné of Rogue and Smith Rivers, only one, the Yakon, was known to exist.' The majority of the coast Indians are now gathered at the Siletz reservation. Of the four linguistic families described below, and of each of their seven dialects, of which we have knowledge, I have published thirty-one terms in "Globus," Zeitschrift für Lander und Voelkerkunde, vol. xxxv., pp. 167, 168 (year 1879).

YÁKONA.-Dialects of Yakona, Yacon or Yàkina are spoken by the coast Indians living between Cape Foulweather and Cape Perpetua, and up the Alseya and Yakona (Yáquina) Rivers. Though there are probably a multitude of dialects, we know at present of two only, the Yákona and the Alseya, spoken by tribes of the respective names, and