Modelling for Field Biologists and Other Interesting PeopleStudents of evolutionary and behavioural ecology are often unfamiliar with mathematical techniques, though much of biology relies on mathematics. Evolutionary ideas are often complex, meaning that the logic of hypotheses proposed should not only be tested empirically but also mathematically. There are numerous different modelling tools used by ecologists, ranging from population genetic 'bookkeeping', to game theory and individual-based computer simulations. Due to the many different modelling options available, it is often difficult to know where to start. Hanna Kokko has designed this 2007 book to help with these decisions. Each method described is illustrated with one or two biologically interesting examples that have been chosen to help overcome fears of many biologists when faced with mathematical work, whilst also providing the programming code (Matlab) for each problem. Aimed primarily at students of evolutionary and behavioural ecology, this book will be of interest to any biologist interested in mathematical modelling. |
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Page 7
... selected traits such as extravagantly long tails in birds exist because the following has happened. Initially a longer than average tail could have conferred a viability benefit to the male, perhaps because it improves flight ...
... selected traits such as extravagantly long tails in birds exist because the following has happened. Initially a longer than average tail could have conferred a viability benefit to the male, perhaps because it improves flight ...
Page 9
... selected male traits can be very costly to their bearer, whereas large costs of female preferences are not expected (because if we assume such costs, preferences evolve to zero, see Kokko et al. (2006a) for a review). The model is not ...
... selected male traits can be very costly to their bearer, whereas large costs of female preferences are not expected (because if we assume such costs, preferences evolve to zero, see Kokko et al. (2006a) for a review). The model is not ...
Page 13
... selection: a variety of processes can lead to changes in gene frequencies. For example, we could be interested in the effects of genetic drift – random changes in gene frequencies because of chance events that allow some individuals to ...
... selection: a variety of processes can lead to changes in gene frequencies. For example, we could be interested in the effects of genetic drift – random changes in gene frequencies because of chance events that allow some individuals to ...
Page 14
... selection, e.g. Falconer and Mackay (1996)). Let us, therefore, start our modelling tour with a relatively simple ... selected against, even if it is advantageous to males. After all, males are often replaceable: if one male does not ...
... selection, e.g. Falconer and Mackay (1996)). Let us, therefore, start our modelling tour with a relatively simple ... selected against, even if it is advantageous to males. After all, males are often replaceable: if one male does not ...
Page 16
... selection. In population genetics, two alternative alleles of a trait are often denoted A and a, so let us adopt this notation too. Here, let us get sidetracked for a moment. Notation is all about communicating ideas. If you wanted to ...
... selection. In population genetics, two alternative alleles of a trait are often denoted A and a, so let us adopt this notation too. Here, let us get sidetracked for a moment. Notation is all about communicating ideas. If you wanted to ...
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Common terms and phrases
allele answer approach argument assume assumptions average become behaviour better birds breeding calculate called choice choose condition consider costs course create denote depends derivative detail develop distribution dynamic effect equals equation equilibrium evolution evolutionary exactly example expected expression fact females find first fitness foraging frequency function future gain gene genetic give given grow growth happens height higher important increase individuals interested leads less look male mathematical mating Matlab means migration nature Note offspring once optimal options parameter particular patch perhaps phenotypic plant plot population positive possible predators predict present probability problem produce proportion question reason reproductive requires resident response result rules selection simple simulations solutions strategy success territories things trait values zero
Popular passages
Page 16 - In that Empire, the craft of Cartography attained such Perfection that the Map of a Single province covered the space of an entire City, and the Map of the Empire itself an entire Province. In the course of Time, these Extensive maps were found...
Page 16 - Cartographers evolved a Map of the Empire that was of the same Scale as the Empire and that coincided with it point for point. Less attentive to the Study of Cartography, succeeding Generations came to judge a map of such magnitude cumbersome, and, not without Irreverence, they abandoned it to the Rigours of Sun and Rain. In the western Deserts, tattered Fragments of the Map are still to be found...
Page 8 - A(2:3,1:2) %from 2nd row to 3rd row, from 1st column to 2nd column ans =4 5 7 8 »A(2,:) %2nd row, all columns ans =4 5 6 The colon ( : ) is used for defining an arithmetic (equal difference) sequence without the...