they being all thrust up in one house together, as in a sheepfold, the executioner cometh in amongst them, taketh one and blindfoldeth him with a muffler about his eyes, and so leadeth him forth to a larger place near adjoining, where he commandeth him to kneel down, which being so done, he cutteth his throat, and leaving him half dead, and taking his butcher's knife and muffler, all of gore and blood, which the Italians call beuda, cometh again to the rest, and so leading one after another, he despatched them all, which were to the number of eighty-eight. This spectacle to behold, and doleful and horrible it was, I leave to your lordship's judgment, for to write of it, I myself cannot choose but to weep; neither was there any of the beholders present who, seeing one die, could abide to behold the death of another. But so humbly and patiently they went to death as is almost incredible to believe. "It is, moreover, appointed, and the carts be come already, that all those so put to death should be quartered, and so conveyed in the carts to the highermost parts of Calabria, where they shall be hanged upon poles to the highways and other places, even in the confines of the same country; unless the pope's holiness and the lord vieceroy of Naples shall give it in commandment to the lord marquis of Buccianus, governor of the said province, to stay his hand, he will proceed with the rack and torture that he will nigh despatch them all. This day is also determined that a hundred of the more ancient women should appear, to be examined and racked, and after to be put to death, that the mixture may be perfect, for so many men so many women. And thus have you that I can say of this justice. Now

it is about two of the clock of the afternoon; shortly we shall hear what some of them said when they went to execution. There be certain of them so obstinate, that they will not look upon the crucifix, nor be confessed to the priest, and they shall be burnt alive! The heretics that be apprehended and condemned are to the number of one thousand six hundred; but, as yet, no more but these aforesaid eighty-eight are already executed!"

Enough has here been stated of the cruel murders by the antichristian priesthood; but Popery continued the same, in its principles and spirit, though checked by several powerful nations who had thrown off the degrading yoke of the Roman pontiff. Of these nations the chief was England, where, especially, the knowledge of the Scriptures happily increased, and sound principles of civil and religious liberty, as taught by the word of God, continued to prevail. From our brief and limited sketch of the Romish hierarchy we perceive the truth and correctness of the prophetic description of that "mystery of iniquity" in the corrupt church of Rome, as of a “woMAN DRUNKEN WITH THE BLOOD OF THE SAINTS, AND WITH THE BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS OF JESUS!"

These enormities having been foretold, must have been permitted for wise ends, at present among the greatest mysteries of Divine Providence. That antichristian hierarchy still remains, but it is doomed to an eternal overthrow, for "the Lord shall consume it with the Spirit of his mouth, and destroy it with the brightness of his coming!" The Lord, in his omnipotent power and goodness, hasten it in his time

DR. CHEEVER ON THE UNION OF CHURCH AND STATE.

EVERY part of earth, every heritage of intelligent freemen that has been visited with the fires of religious persecution, and every spot on earth that has not, ought to dread all approximation to the union of church and state; for power converts even devotion into superstition and fanaticism, and they that have got free themselves run to fasten their cast-off fetters upon others. If the church does not persecute through the state, the state will oppress the church, will make it a political tool, or nothing. Read the Commentary in the Canton de Vaud, where a democratic state, not Roman Catholic, enacts the persecuting antics of the English church and state under Queen Elizabeth, while the people are permitted by the state to mob the assemblies of Voluntary Christians! Where the church relies on the state for support it is an abject creature, fawning, and ready to be persecuted; where it is a part of the state by establishment, and holds the legislative and executive power, it is a ferocious creature, ready to persecute; it is the cat or the tiger, as circumstances require; it will catch mice for the state and sleep by the fireside, or it will abide in the jungles and play the Oriental despot.

This is not the true church of Christ but the church corrupted; for his church is not of this world. When the powers of this world, instead of being sanctified by the Christ, and so put in subjection to his authority, are committed to the church and subjected to the use of the church, under her authority, that is not the advancement of Christ's kingdom, nor is it the way in which Christ's

kingdom can advance; for Christ's kingdom is spiritual, in the hearts of men, and not in the government of empires, which government, just so far as it is committed to the church, is but the act and voice of the tempter: "All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me."

All error is intolerant; but even the truth, if put into form without love, will roast men alive with no more remorse than error itself: so it is only the truth in love that can make men free. Put into form, and fought for as form, without love, it may make men as bitter, as violent, as malignant, as intolerant as any despotism of hierarchical error-because it becomes a selfish thing, a proud thing, a thing of meum and tuum, a thing of conquest, a possession of selfishness and pride.

All the fighting for truth, done without love, is not for God, but for self and Satan. If you really love the truth, you will love it under other forms besides your own; you will not fight to impose your form upon others. But if you belong to a form without love, and set out to extend the truth in your form, you inevitably become intolerant, and, if you had the power, you would be a fierce persecutor. There is no safety for the world against your intolerance but in your weakness.

We want protection for our religious convictions, not only against intolerance imposing an established form, not only against the church as an inquisition, as a despotism, but also against the intolerance of the people, against the caprices of popular liberty associated with power. We want a religious liberty above and separate from a political liberty, and which can no more be invaded by it than a man's dwelling

house can be torn down with impunity, or a church or a city fired by a mob. This is impossible when the church is dependent on the state. The state will, if it pleases, direct the church what to teach, and how to teach it; and, if she refuses, will punish, will persecute. The state may be the purest of republics, and yet may indulge in the most atrocious despotism in matters of religion; therefore a constitutional state must have no power to meddle with religion at all except to protect its quiet worship. The whole world must inevitably come to this conclusion, and then the whole world will be still; then love will reign and truth will burn brightly; the state itself will more readily become religious when it is deprived of all power to modify and govern religion.

How impressively are these truths illustrated by what is now going on in Germany and Switzerland! God, in his providence, is showing us that neither Evangelical Protestantism, nor Romanism, nor Rationalism, whether under a republic or a despotism, can be entrusted with state power. The state cannot be entrusted with power over the church, for, some way or other, it will act the tyrant. The church cannot be entrusted with power over the state, or with the use of the state to enforce her rubrics or her teachings, for the church also, sooner

or later, acts the tyrant when she is tempted to it. The temptation comes under the guise of an angel, under the plausible pretence of uniformity of worship and the advancing of the Redeemer's kingdom. So much the more dangerous it is, so much the more earnestly and carefully to be repelled. Religion is a voluntary thing both in form and doctrine. Let every state and every church respect it as such, and cease from enforcing it, and leave to Christianity

The Word of God ONLY,

The Grace of Christ ONLY,

The Work of the Spirit ONLY,

and then intolerance and strife will cease, truth and love will prevail, and error will die out of existence, and throughout all nations the kingdom of Christ will come.

[The above essay, if I may so call it, so pithy, forcible, and truthful, is taken from the "Pilgrim in the Shadow of the Jungfrau Alp," a small book of travels, by Dr. Cheever, who has written so well on Bunyan and his Pilgrim. "The Pilgrim in the Shadow of the Jungfrau Alp" sparkles with the richest and noblest sentiments. They lie scattered throughout it as thickly and as beautiful as the dew-drops impearled on the grass-blades in the morning's sun. The above essay contains the true philosophy of the question of the union of church and state.-I. J.]

A PASTOR'S APPEAL

dently seek their happiness, their true

little Children.

MY DEAR FRIEND,-I am assured that you love your children, that you ar

is to promote these objects infallibly that I now write to you. I have often thought of conveying to you at large my views in regard to parental disci

pline, as I feel convinced you have not hitherto fully understood them. But to-day I intend simply to inquire, What are the direct commands of the Lord on the subject? And however repulsive some of the statements I am about to give may be to your maternal feelings, yet, if we receive the plain meaning of the word of God, who can prescribe for your direction nothing that is wrong, we shall, indeed, see eye to eye regarding it. I am indeed grieved and almost heart-broken with the fearful amount of vital injury done by multitudes of professing Christian parents, and all from false kindness, and from a selfish desire to save their own feelings. These sow the seeds of misery and increased future rebellion against God in their children, and how large a harvest Satan reaps from that seed let the past and present history of the world disclose. It is high time that the Christian world were thoroughly aroused to consider this subject in the light of eternity; though, indeed, it is remarked by the celebrated Coleridge, that it is in vain to reason with many against their feelings! But my only dependence is on the blessing of the Holy Spirit accompanying a faithful declaration of the truth.

Before, then, writing down God's own words on the subject, let me say that I fully agree with you that all children (in regard to discipline) are not to be treated alike. Some strong and naturally rebellious spirits need a great deal more firmness and correction than those who are gentle and pliable, and boys in general need much more than girls. I also agree with you, that the less that correction is inflicted on children, (that is, in other words, the less they need it,) without injury to their disposition and training, so much the better. My heart is full of love to the young, and it gives me so much pain to hear them suffering, that, were it not absolutely necessary, and most clearly commanded by God, would never approve of painful bodily correction being inflicted at all, especially on little ones. But when God speaks, it is most sinful and dangerous to confer with flesh and blood whether or not his commands shall be obeyed, evaded, or

neglected altogether. And yet I believe (would that I were mistaken) that these commands are broken in regard to a vast majority of the children of professing Christians, who are thus almost ruined by indulgence, and by not having their wills properly subdued when they are young.

Every child brings into the world a proud, a wicked, a most rebellious nature. Their very spiritual disease, (that which is the source of all their future sins and miseries,) is self will.. And God says, and experience says,, and everybody says who has studied the subject, that kindness alone will never subdue the proud self-will of children.

Surely God loves all children, and yet he orders painful correction to do them good when they rebel. Would Infinite Benevolence prescribe this if it were not necessary? Shall we presume to be wiser than God, or more tenderhearted? What can I think of parents who seem to feel that they love their children more than God, and who, therefore, practically condemn his appointed way? I am, indeed, ready to believe that some parents inflict too much suffering on their children, are too harsh, and do not sufficiently bestow suitable kindness and encouragement. This is very wrong, and must tend to undermine the healthful influence of these parents on their children. But for one, perhaps, who goes wrong in too much correction, hundreds, if not thousands, go wrong in too little, and in too much indulgence; and thus by feeding the moral disease of selfwill, they render the obstacles their children's conversion greater and greater.

to

Let me further say, before quoting God's ordinance on the subject, that we have no more authority for attending to public worship or to the Lord's Supper; no more authority for believing that "God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten," than you have for obeying the commands I am about to mention. For the self-same authority that commands "all men everywhere to repent,"-that says, "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved,"-also commands, "Chasten

thy son while there is hope." Do not think, I beseech you, that I am contending for undue severity, or extremes in correction. Far, very far, from itthe very opposite: I am only arguing for the binding obligation on parents to give the medicine to children which God has prescribed when they need it -neither too much nor too little-in order that in a little time they may need none at all. Is that severity? But I do regard it as the height of severity and cruelty to allow the spiritual disease in children to strengthen and increase, because it is painful for them to receive and doubly painful for the parents to give God's ordained medicine. How true is the word of God, "He that spareth the rod hateth the child." O could my voice reach those who thus sacrifice their children to spare their own temporary distress, I would say, "Be ashamed of your lack of moral courage and firmness, and of your deficiency of that true affection which, for the lasting good of its object, spares not itself."

And now for the law on the subject, which, as God's children, we are bound to obey.

The Parent inquires, Why, O Lord, should I put my children to pain, by correction, when they act improperly?

The Lord replies, "Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child, but the rod of correction shall drive it far from him "

The Parent. But I cannot bear, O Lord, to hear my children crying in pain, it goes to my heart, and I am glad, therefore, to omit punishment, and to employ any gentler means.

The Lord." Chasten thy son while there is hope, and let not thy soul spare for his crying." Do not stop short of doing my will, though the screaming from the proud heart of the rebellious child is like a lance in thy body; it is I that commandeth thee, "Spare him not for his crying," Prov. xix. 18.

Parent. But I am averse to inflicting bodily chastisement-I am afraid that if I beat him it will do his body harm. The Lord. 66 Withhold not correction from the child, (and for thy encouragement I say unto you,) for when thou beatest him with the rod he shall not

die," Prov. xxiii. 13. Take heed that you do not yield to your feelings in this matter. You are training up the children for me. Keep close to my commandments.

Parent. But I am afraid, O Lord, that if I chasten strictly it will tend to harden them, so that they shall come to despise it and hate their parents.

The Lord. So far from hardening your children, where it is prudently and firmly done in dependence on my blessing, that I say unto you, "Correct thy son, and he shall give thee rest; yea, he shall give delight unto thy soul," Prov. xxix. 17. Why do you not believe me? Obey, and you shall find that this is one of the ways to make your children constantly and truly happy; whereas the gratification you give them by indulging their wills and restraining correction is most deceitful, and will assuredly end in misery.

Parent. Suffer me once more to speak. It was love to my children that hitherto prevented me from putting them to bodily pain when they went wrong. My love was so great, that I was anxious, if possible, to seek their present enjoyment in every way, avoiding all severity and strictness; but now I begin to see I was wrong, and, by thy grace, I will change my manner of training.

The Lord. Your love in such a proceeding was false love, it was selfish love -in its real effects it was no other than hatred; for, is it not written, "He that spareth his rod hateth his son; but he that loveth him, chasteneth him betimes ?" Oh, my grief with Israel was, that the foolish parents did not correct their children, therefore I wrote to them, "In vain have I smitten your children; they received no correction," Jer. ii. 30. But look at my example. Did I not love my Son, and yet, though he was perfectly holy, I spared him not, but "freely gave him up to the death" for all, Rom. viii. 32. Have I not a special delight in my children, and yet, for their good, do I not often put them to the greatest bodily and mental pain? Is it not written, " Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth." "Our fathers corrected us, and