Elements of X-ray DiffractionIntended to acquaint the reader with the theory of x-ray diffraction, the experimental methods involved, and the main applications. The book is a collection of principles and methods stressing X-ray diffraction rather than metallurgy. The book is written entirely in terms of the Bragg law and can be read without any knowledge of the reciprocal lattice. It is divided into three main parts— Fundamentals; experimental methods; and applications. Designed for beginners, not as a reference tool for the advanced reader. |
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Page 3
Bernard Dennis Cullity. 1 Properties of X - rays 1-1 INTRODUCTION X - rays were discovered in 1895 by the German physicist Roentgen and were so named because their nature was unknown at the time . Unlike ordinary light , these rays were ...
Bernard Dennis Cullity. 1 Properties of X - rays 1-1 INTRODUCTION X - rays were discovered in 1895 by the German physicist Roentgen and were so named because their nature was unknown at the time . Unlike ordinary light , these rays were ...
Page 83
... rays are proceeding in the original direction ? On this front , the electric vector of ray 2 has its maximum value at the instant shown , but that of ray 3 is zero . The two rays are therefore out of phase . If we add these two ...
... rays are proceeding in the original direction ? On this front , the electric vector of ray 2 has its maximum value at the instant shown , but that of ray 3 is zero . The two rays are therefore out of phase . If we add these two ...
Page 85
... rays 1 ′ and 3 ′ by two wavelengths , rays 1 ' and 4 ' by three wavelengths , and so on throughout the crystal . The rays scattered by all the atoms in all the planes are therefore completely in phase and reinforce one another ...
... rays 1 ′ and 3 ′ by two wavelengths , rays 1 ' and 4 ' by three wavelengths , and so on throughout the crystal . The rays scattered by all the atoms in all the planes are therefore completely in phase and reinforce one another ...
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Common terms and phrases
absorption alloy angle applied arrangement atoms axes axis calculated called camera cause circle consider constant contains corresponding counter counting crystal cubic curve depends described determined diffracted beam diffraction lines diffractometer direction distance effect electron elements energy equal equation error example factor figure film given grain hexagonal incident beam increases indices intensity involved kind lattice Laue less located material means measured metal method normal Note observed obtained occur orientation origin parallel parameter particular pattern percent phase photographic plane pole position possible powder produced projection radiation rays reciprocal reference reflection region relation relative result rotation sample scattering sheet shown shown in Fig shows simple single solid solution spacing specimen sphere standard stress structure surface temperature texture transmission tube twin unit cell usually various vector voltage wave wavelength x-ray zone