Preventing AIDS: Theories and Methods of Behavioral InterventionsRalph J. DiClemente, John L. Peterson Public health has a legacy of neglect regarding social and behavioral research. Too often, prompted by technical and scientific progress, we have ignored even marginalized-the vital "human element" in health thinking and prac tice. Thus, for example, while family planning programs focused on providing a choice among safe and effective contraceptive methods (a supremely worthy goal), the central issue of sexuality and sexual behavior was generally neglected. Similarly, the enormous and important efforts to develop rapid and reliable diagnostic and treatment methods for sexually transmitted diseases helped divert attention away from the crucial issues of sexual practice. In short, we seem to have difficulty addressing the fundamental behaviors-including sex, drug taking and other intoxications, and violence-that are central to the major causes of preventable morbidity, disability, and premature mortality in the world today. Our collective reluctance to examine and understand ourselves is also expressed in the oft-repeated pipedream that scientific progress will "take care of" the HIV / AIDS pandemic by delivering a preventive vaccine, an effective cure, or both. Yet even a cursory glance at the relationship between scientific/ technical progress and health shows that meeting the scientific challenges is only one step toward effective application of the vaccine or drug. It is typical, not atypical, that hepatitis B vaccine is only now becoming relatively freely available to large populations in the developing world, more than a decade after the vaccine's licensure. |
Contents
The Role | 1 |
Components of the Health Belief Model | 7 |
Recommendation for Future Research | 19 |
Social Cognitive Theory and Exercise of Control over | 25 |
9 | 41 |
Prevention of Behavioral Lapses | 46 |
References | 54 |
13 | 56 |
SelfReports of Sexual Behavior | 163 |
Future Research | 169 |
Victims and Victimization | 175 |
Societys Attitudes and Policies toward Homeless Youth | 180 |
References | 186 |
HIV Testing and Risk Assessment | 193 |
Psychological Interventions and HIV Risk Reduction | 199 |
HIVAIDS Prevention for Drug Users in Natural Settings | 209 |
Using Information to Change Sexually Transmitted | 61 |
Attitude and Behavioral Beliefs | 67 |
Salient Outcomes and Referents | 73 |
Diffusion Theory and HIV Risk Behavior Change | 79 |
Suggestions for Diffusion Theory | 91 |
Theories of Subcultural Change | 98 |
Changing the Social Environment | 106 |
References | 112 |
The Role of Schools in HIV Prevention | 118 |
SchoolBased Programs to Improve Access to Contraceptives | 126 |
Programmatic Recommendations | 129 |
References | 135 |
Interventions for Adolescents in Community Settings | 141 |
Social Psychological Approach to HIV RiskReduction Interventions | 147 |
Methodological and Logistical Issues in HIV RiskReduction | 157 |
Challenges in Evaluating Programs in Natural Settings | 218 |
Interventions for Sexual Partners of HIVInfected | 227 |
The Effect of HIV Antibody Testing Counseling and AIDS Education | 232 |
References | 240 |
Psychosocial Predictors of HIVRelated Sexual Risk of Heterosexual | 247 |
Conclusions | 259 |
HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men in Metropolitan | 267 |
HIV Prevention among Urban Gay and Bisexual Minority Men | 275 |
Conclusions | 290 |
HIV Prevention among Gay and Bisexual Men in Small Cities | 297 |
Interventions and Their Effectiveness | 304 |
Methodological Issues and Research Needs | 313 |
Caveats | 319 |
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Preventing AIDS: Theories and Methods of Behavioral Interventions Ralph J. DiClemente,John L. Peterson No preview available - 2013 |
Common terms and phrases
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