This love was metaphyfical, and most respectful; and did not, as is proved in the writings of the Troubadours (who have conveyed the pictures of thefe times, and are to be valued for giving the original view of ages fo remote) always banifh from their difcourfes cold, trite, and familiar images, the natural productions of minds in a rude and unimproved ftate.

:

The Chevalier de la Tour speaks of the fanaticism of the lovers, who formed a kind of paftoral life in Poitou, during the imprifonment of St. Lewis; and who, under pretext of delivering him, overran the confines of Flanders and Picardy, and were at last exterminated in the Orleanois: under the fame pretext, Languedoc was defolated in 1320. They called their fociety the Fraternity of Penitents in Love; others called them Galois, and Galoifes; for the women, as well as the men, difputed who fhould the moft zealously maintain the honour of this extravagant religion; the ob ject of which was, to prove the excefs of their love, by an invincible determination to brave the rigour of the feafons, and the hardships of an itinerant life and knights, fquires, ladies, and demoifelles, who embraced this reform, were, on the fame principles, in the burning heats of fummer, to wrap themselves up in warm cloaks and double hoods, and to have great fires, at which they were obliged, by the laws of the order, to.ftand and roaft themfelves, as if they were pinched with cold; - all this was probably done, in allufion to the power love has to work the moft ftrange metamorphofes, When winter fpread its ice and its frofts, love then changed the order of the feafons: the lover who ranged under his banner then burned with the moft ardent fires; a fmall fingle petticoat, with a thin long cornet, compofed the drefs of the ladies; and to have worn fur cloaks, gloves, or muffs, or to have had a fire, would have been, with this fect, a capital crime. The chimnies of their great halls were adorned with winter-greens, if greens were to be had; thofe of their chambers were done up in the fame manner; and a light ferge, without plufh, was all the covering they had to their beds. Gontier, an ancient poet, fays, alluding probably to thisThey fear no cold, whom ftrong love hold." The lovers asked, from the beauty to whom they were flaves, only the privilege of touching their hands or lips; forms borrowed from the ceremony of homage; that is to fay, the honour of holding from them their existence, as a fief: but they were not always, any more than others, faithful to the bonds they had taken.'

66

The ingenious tranflator of this work (Mrs. Dobson) prefents it to the Public, as affording, in connection with her tranflations of the life of Petrarch, and of the history of the Troubadours t, a comprehenfive view of ancient cuftoms and manners; and, in this light, these volumes are certainly a va luable addition to our stock of English literature.

*See Rev. Vol. LIII. p. 222.

See the fixty-fecond volume of our Review, p. 490.

ART.

ART. IX. Continuation of the Account of Captain Cook's Voyage, from p. 66. of our Review for July. From he fplendid Edition, published by Government. Nicoll and Cadell.

HE morning after they came to an anchor, Captain Cook went on fhore, accompanied by Captain Clerke and feveral of the officers, to look out for a proper spot for fixing the Aftronomical Ob-, fervatories, and a guard to protect them; as well as for establishing a market-place, to which the natives might bring fuch things as they chofe to part with: and they foon found a very beautiful and convenient one, an elegant view of which is iven, from a drawing made by Mr. Webber on the fpot; and leave was obtained, without difficulty, from the natives, to occupy it. They alfo accommodated them with a large boat-house, to ferve as a tent. This important bufinefs being fettled, Toobou, the Chief of the island, conducted Captain Cook and Omai to his houfe, which they found fituated in a moft pleasant spot, in the center of his plantation, with a beautiful grafs plat furrounding it; and which Toobou gave them to understand was for the purpofe of cleaning their feet before they went into the house. This attention to cleanliness is not to be met with in any part of the South Seas, except at the Friendly Islands, where it is very common, and indeed neceffary; for the floors of the houfes of every perfon of any confequence are completely covered with very beautiful mats; and no carpet in the most elegant English drawing-room can be kept neater than thofe that covered the floor of Toobou's houfe, which they were now about to enter. In the afternoon, a guard was fettled on fhore, the horfes and fuch of the cattle as were in a weakly state were landed; and next day the Obfervatories were erected, and the hay-making, wooding, watering, and trading parties landed at the new encampment, and fet to work. Plenty fpread her full-plumed wings over them; and our voyagers once more rolled in all the luxury of the Tropical Isles, in the Pacific Ocean.

We fhould be highly blameable were we to omit relating an inftance of moft confummate prudence, which was exhibited here by one Taipa, a powerful and active Chief of this ifland: as foon as our people had taken poffeffion of the ground and house which had been affigned them, Taipa, who, on every occafion, fhewed himself their fast friend, had a houfe brought on men's fhoulders a full quarter of a mile, and placed befide them; where he refided all the time they were there.

It appears, that, as foon as the fhips arrived, a canoe was difpatched to Tongataboo with the news: and, on the 6th, a great Chief, whofe name was Feenou, arrived at Annamocka. The officer on fhore informed Captain Cook, that when he first arrived, all the natives were ordered to meet him, and pay their obedience by bowing their heads as low as his feet, the foles of which they alfo touched with each hand; firft with the palm, and then with the back part. There could be very little room to fufpect that a perfon received with fo much refpect could be anything lefs than King; and yet, a greater than Feenou was here," as we fhall presently fee. In the afternoon Captain Cook went to vifit this great man;

he

he having before received a prefent of two fish from him, which were fent on board by one of the great man's fervants. He had no fooner landed, and Feenou been advertised of his approach, than the Chief walked down to the beach to meet him. He appeared to be about thirty years of age; tall, but thin, and his features more like the European than those of the generality of these people. As Captain Cook foon faw he was not the fame perfon who had been introduced to him as the King of Tongataboo in his former voyage, he began to entertain doubts, notwithstanding the reception he had met with from the natives, of his being what he pretended; and therefore asked him, peremptorily, whether he was the King of Tongataboo, or not? To which queftion Taipa officioufly answered in the affirmative, and enumerated no lefs than 153 islands of which he was fovereign. After a fhort stay, Captain Cook took his new vifitor with five or fix of his attendants on board, to all of whom he made fuitable prefents; and entertained them as agreeably as he could. He carried them all on fhore in his boat in the evening ; and the Chief ordered three hogs to be fent on board, in return for the prefents which he had made them.

This afternoon, while Feenou was on board the ship, an inferior Chief, for what reafon did not appear, ordered all the natives to retire from the place which our people occupied; and fome of them having ventured to return, he took up a large stick, and beat them in the most unmerciful manner. He ftruck one man on the cheek with fo much violence, that the blood gufhed out of his mouth and noftrils; and, after lying fome time motionlefs, he was, at laft, removed from the place in convulfions. The person who had inflicted the blow, being told that he had killed the man, only laughed at it; and it was evident that he was not in the leaft forry for what had happened.

Feenou had fo much authority over every one else of his countrymen, that Captain Cook found him a very convenient companion on many occafions. On their first arrival, one of the natives had fole a large junk axe, which the Captain mentioned to Feenou, one day when he went on board to dinner. Orders were immediately iffued to fearch for it; and fo expeditious were they in obeying them, that the axe was brought on board before the dinner was over. But their thieveries were conftant, and innumerable; and even fome of their Chiefs did not think the profeffion beneath them. One, who was detected carrying off a large bolt under his cloaths, had a dozen lashes given him, and was confined until he paid a pig for his liberty this had fo good an effect, that they were not afterwards troubled with thieves of rank. Their fervants or flaves were ftill however employed in this dirty work, and on them a flogging feemed to make no more impreffion than it would have done on the main-maft. Captain Clerke at laft hit on a mode of punishing them which had fome effect: he caufed the barber to fhave their heads completely, which pointed them out to their countrymen as objects of ridicule, and proved a fufficient mark for the people to know them by, and prevent them from having an opportunity of repeating their fogueries. Captain

:

Captain Cook finding that he had exhausted the island, got every thing on board, and failed from Annamocka on the 14th; and Feenou, finding he intended to go directly to Tongataboo, took great pains to diffuade him from it, and to prevail on him to go to fome islands, which he faid lay to the N. E. of Annamocka, and were called the Happaee ifles; and to add weight to his arguments, he undertook to go with them himself, and engage for their being very plentifully fupplied with every kind of refreshments. The Captain took his advice, and had no caufe to repent of it, as will appear in the sequel.

After a difagreeable navigation of three days among low islands, rocks and shoals, they anchored on the edge of a fhoal which joins the islands called Happace, and which confit, principally, of four, much about the fize of Annamocka, or perhaps not quite fo large, called Haanno, Foa, Lefoga, and Hoolaiva. It was in the morning when they anchored; and they had fcarcely done fo before both hips were filled with natives, and furrounded with canoes, full of people, who brought hogs, fowls, fruit, and roots in prodigious plenty thefe were purchased for hatchets, knives, nails, beads, and cloth. Feenou, who had landed the night before, taking Omai with him, also came off for Captain Cook, in order to introduce him to the natives of the island. They landed on the northern part of the island of Lefoga, and Feenou conducted him to a house fituated close to the beach, and which had been brought, but a few minutes before, to that place for their reception. In this houfe Feenou, Captain Cook, and Omai feated themfelves, while the Chiefs of the sland and people formed a circle on the outfide, facing them. Captain Cock was then asked how long he intended to ilay ? and, on anfwering five days, Taipa, who had alfo accompanied them, was ordered to go and fit befide him, and proclaim this to the people; which he did in a fet fpeech, dictated chiefly by Feenou. The purport of it was, to tell them, that they were to look on Captain Cook as a friend, who intended to remain with them a few days; that during his ftay they were not to steal any thing from him, nor moleft him in any respect; and that it was expected they would bring hogs, fowls, fruit, &c. to the fhip, where they would receive, in exchange, fuch and fuch things, which he enumerated. Feenou then left them, and Taipa told Captain Cook that it would be neceffary to give prefents to the Chiefs of the ifland: and the prefents which he made them on this occafion were fuch, that when Feenou returned he was, or pretended to be, exceedingly angry with Taipa for fuffering him to give fo much. He then fat down again; and directed one of thefe Chiefs to harangue the people, as Taipa had done before, in a speech dictated chiefly by himself, and to the fame effect. Captain Cook then enquired for fresh water, and they went and fhewed him fome pools, which they called fresh; but which proved very indifferent. When they returned, they found a baked hog and fome yams, fmoking hot, and ready to be carried on board the fhip for the Captain's dinner. He invited Feenou and his friends to partake of it, and they all went on board; but none fat down at the table except Feenou. After dinner he conducted

ducted them on fhore, and when he returned, a fine turtle, and many yams, were put into the boat by Feenou's order.

Next morning the Chief went early on board for the Captain, and when he landed he was conducted to the fame place where he was feated the day before, and where a prodigious number of people were affembled. He had not been long feated, before near two hundred of the natives appeared in fight, loaded with yams, breadfruit, plantains, cocoa-nuts, and fugar-canes, which they piled in two heaps on either hand of him. To thofe on the left were tied, foon after, fix pigs and two turtles; and, to those on the right, two pigs and fix fowls. As foon as this munificent collection of provifions was difpofed to the best advantage, the bearers joined the multitude, who formed a large circle round thefe two piles of provifions, the Captain, Omai, Feenou, and the feveral Chiefs which were with them; and foon after a number of men entered this circle, armed with clubs, made of the green branches of the cocoa-nut tree. Thefe, after parading round the circle, retired, half to one fide, and half to the other, feating themfelves be fore the fpectators. One of thefe men rifing up, from one fide, advanced into the area; and, by very expreffive geftares, challenged thofe of the other party: the challenge being accepted by fome one of them, the two combatants put themfelves in proper attitudes, and then began the engagement, which lafted until one of them owned himself conquered, or till their weapons were broken. Another challenge was then given and accepted, and the combat terminated in the fame manner. As foon as each combat was over, the victor fquatted himself down facing the Chief; then rofe up, and retired. At the fame time fome old men, who feemed to fit as judges, gave their plaudit in a few words; and the multitude, efpecially thofe on the fide to which the victor belonged, gave theirs by two or three huzzas. Between the combats of this kind there were both boxing and wrestling: the first was performed in the fame manner as in England, and the latter as it is done in Otaheite *: but what ftruck our voyagers with most furprize was, to fee a couple of lufty wenches ftep forth, and begin boxing without the leaft ceremony, and with as much art as the men. This conteft, however, did not laft more than half a minute before one of them gave out; and the conqueror received the fame applaufes from the fpectators which were given to the male victors. And though the guests expreffed fome diffatisfaction at this part of the entertainment, is did not prevent two other females from entering the lifts. Thefe appeared to be girls of fpirit, and would certainly have given each other a hearty drubbing, if two old women had not interpofed, and parted them. Thefe combats were all conducted with the utmoft good humour on all fides, though fome of the combatants, women as well as men, received blows that they would feel for fome time after.

The diverfions being over, Feenou told the Captain that the provifions on the right hand were for Omai, and thofe on the left for himfelf; and that they might take them on board when it fuited

* Defcribed in the account of the two former voyages.

them;