Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and FiascoesGroupthink - the psychological drive for consensus at any cost that suppresses disagreement and prevents the appraisal of alternatives in cohesive decision-making groups. In the first edition (Victims of groupthink), Iriving L. Janis showed how this phenomenon contributed to some of the major U.S. foreign policy fiascos of recent decades: the Korean War stalemate, the escalation of the Vietnam War, the failure to be prepared for the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the Bay of Pigs blunder. He also examined cases, such as the handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the formulation of the Marshall Plan, where groupthink was avoided. Here, in this revised and expanded edition, Janis applies his hypothesis to the Watergate cover-up, portraying in detail how groupthink helped to put the participants on a disastrous couurse and keep them there. In addition, he presents some fresh ideas on how and why groupthink occurs and offers suggestions for avoiding it. |
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Page 20
In response to the President's questions about the plan , Allen Dulles and
Richard Bissell assured Kennedy and his advisory group that all the world would
believe that Cuban dissidents were the sole initiators and executors of the
invasion .
In response to the President's questions about the plan , Allen Dulles and
Richard Bissell assured Kennedy and his advisory group that all the world would
believe that Cuban dissidents were the sole initiators and executors of the
invasion .
Page 22
Furthermore , one month before the invasion , when the policy - making group in
Washington was being assured about the magnificent morale of the exile brigade
, the men were actually bitterly discontent and beginning to revolt .
Furthermore , one month before the invasion , when the policy - making group in
Washington was being assured about the magnificent morale of the exile brigade
, the men were actually bitterly discontent and beginning to revolt .
Page 337
also Advisory group ( Kimmel's ) in Pearl Harbor Bundy , McGeorge Bay of Pigs
invasion and , 281 , 283 Cuban missile crisis and , 134 , 135 , 143-144
qualifications of , 17 Vietnam War escalation and , 99 , 115 , 117 see also
Advisory group ...
also Advisory group ( Kimmel's ) in Pearl Harbor Bundy , McGeorge Bay of Pigs
invasion and , 281 , 283 Cuban missile crisis and , 134 , 135 , 143-144
qualifications of , 17 Vietnam War escalation and , 99 , 115 , 117 see also
Advisory group ...
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Contents
The Wrong | 3 |
The Making of the Marshall Plan | 159 |
How Clever | 198 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
accepted according action administration Admiral advisers alternative American appears asked assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs become called Chiefs cohesive Committee concerning consensus consequences continued course cover-up crisis critical Cuba Cuban danger Dean decision decision-making Defense deliberations Department direct discussion effect errors evidence example Executive expected fact factors feel fiasco forces give going groupthink Haldeman invasion involved issues Japanese Johnson judgment Kennedy leader leading major March meetings military missile moral Nixon norms North objections officers operation participants Pearl Harbor policy-making political position possible present President pressures probably problem procedures proposed questions responsible result risks role says Secretary seems Senator shared social Soviet staff stress strong suggested thinking threat tion transcripts Truman United UNIVERSITY Vietnam warning Watergate White House
References to this book
Bibliographic information
| Title | Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
| Author | Irving Lester Janis |
| Edition | 2, illustrated, revised |
| Publisher | Houghton Mifflin, 1982 |
| Original from | the University of California |
| Digitized | 30 Jan 2007 |
| ISBN | 0395317045, 9780395317044 |
| Length | 349 pages |
| Subjects | › Psychology / Social Psychology |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |