directing them to judge juftly, impartially and pru. dently, and to punish murderers, adulterers, thieves, robbers, &c. be difcarded as typical? Muft the weekly Sabbath, public fafts and thanksgivings bet laid afide as typical, a mere fign between God and the Ifraelites? Muft the ten commandments and all the explications of them in the Old Teftament be difcarded, as published in a typical manner, and to a typical people, and ufed as the principal part of their rule of government in the Jewith Theocracy?

4. As the Jewish Church was a REAL Church, and not MERELY TYPICAL, fo their State was a REAL Commonwealth or kingdom, and not MERELY Whatever therefore pertained to it, as a real Commonwealth, is imitable in any other.

TYPICAL.

5. The Jewish Church and State were as REALLY DIS FINCT, as the Church and State are now; though I do not fay precifely in the fame manner.

(1.) They differed in refpect of REGULATING LAWS. The ceremonial law directed the Jewish Church. The judicial directed the affairs of their State.

(2.) They differed in their refpective Acrs. The Jews worshipped God, offered facrifices, and received facraments, not as members of that State, but as members of that Church. They punished evit doers by fines, imprifonment, banishment, burning, ftoning, and hanging; and fought with enemies, &c. not as a Church, but as a State.

(3.) They differed in refpect of CONTROVERSIES. To the Church pertained the matters of the Lord, and a judging of leprofies, and between ftatutes and judgments. To the State belonged the matters of the king, and to judge between blood and blood, 2 Chron. xix. 10, 11. Deut. xvii. 8.

(4.) They differed in refpect of OFFICERS. The priefts were the only stated officers in the Church,

and prophets a kind of occafional ones. Elders, Judges and Kings were governors in the State. The priefts might not take the civil fword out of the hand of the magiftrates; nor the magiftrates offer facrifices, burn incenfe, or otherwife execute the prieft's office.

45) They differed in refpect of CONTINUANCE. When the Jewish civil power was taken away by the Romans, the conftitution of their Church remained, in the days of our Saviour's debasement. And even now the Jews pretend to be a Church, but not to be a State.

(6.). They differed in refpect of VARIATION. The conftitution of their Church remained much the fame under Mofes, Jofhua, the Judges, the Kings, and after the captivity. But the form of the State underwent great alterations.

(7.) They differed in refpect of MEMBERS. Profelytes of the covenant were complete members of the Jewish Church; but had not the fame dignities or marriages allowed them in the State, as the natural Ifraelites. Nor had the profelytes of the gate any Church privileges, though they had fome civil

ones.

(8.) They were governed by different COURTS. The Church had her courts of the Synagouge, and her ecclefiaftical Sanhedrin.The State had her courts of the gate, &c. and her civil, Sanhedrin;though often fome Levites were judges in both, as our ruling elders in the Church, may, at the fame, time, be civil judges, Exod. xxiv. 1, Deut. xvii. 8

12. 1 Chron. xxxiii. 4. &. xxvi. 30, 32. 2 Chron. xix. 8, 10, 11. Jer. xxvi. 8-11, 16. xviii. 18. with Deut. xvii. 10, 11, 12. Ezek. vii. 26. 2 Kings vi. 32. Zech. vii. 1-3. Pfal..cvii. 32. Ezek. xiii. 9. Mat. ii. 4. xvi. 21. xxi. 23. xxvi, 57, 59. xxvii. 1, 12. Luke xxii. 66. Acts iv. 5. Some Jewish Rab

bins exprefsly diftinguish between their judges and their Church elders in the fame places.

(9.) They differed in their CENSURE of offenders. In the Church, offenders were fufpended from facred fellowship, by a cafting out of the Synagogue, or a cutting off from God's people or congregation. John ix. 22. & xii. 42. Exod. xii. 15, 19. Num. xix. 13, 20, Lev. xxii. 3. with Gen. iv. 14-Lev. vii. 20, 21. with v. 2-1 Cor. v. 6, 7, 8, 13. with Exod. xii. 15, 19. Gen. xvii. 14. with Acts iii. 23. Pfal i. 5. Gen. xxv. 17. In the State, they were cut off by death or outlawṛy.

(10.) Profane and fcandalous perfons were excluded from the Jewith temple-fervice and paffover, while they retained their civil rights in the State, Ezek. xliv. 7, 9. Deut. xxiii. 18. Jer. vii. 9-1I. Ezek. xxiii. 38, 39. 2 Chron. xxiii. 19. with 1 Cor. v. 11. Pfal. cxviii. 19, 20. & xv. 1-5. & xxiv. 3, 4. & l. 16-20. Ezek. xxvi. 22, 26. Ezra x. 8, 16, 17. & vi. 21.

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I

6. There was no fuch difference between the Jewish magiftracy, especially after their rejection of the Tehocracy, under Samuel, 1 Sam. viii. 5, 7, 19. & xii. 12, 17, 19. and the magistracy in Chriftian countries, as it is often pretended.

(1) The Jewish magiftracy was an ordinance of God, Exod. xviii. Num. xi. Deut. i. xvii. & xvi. 18, 19. Magiftracy is ftill an ordinance of God, to be fubmitted to for the Lord's fake, Rom. xiii. 1--6. 1 Pet. ii. 14.

(2.) Notwithstanding God's appointment of particular perfons to be their kings, the Hebrew nation - had the power of electing and admiting them to their office, Sam. x. xi. xvi. 2 Sam. ii. 4. & v. 3. Chron. xii. Our magiftrates are power's ordained

I

See Gillefpy's Aaron's Rod bloffeming, Part I. Leusden's Philo logus Hebreo mixtus, P. 338, 339.

of God, Rom. xiii. 16. and yet an ordinance of men, 1 Pet, ii. 13.

(3.) God himself was the fupreme governour of the Hebrew nation, Deut. xii. 32. Hof. xiii. Id. God is ftill King of nations, Moft High, King of the whale earth, Jer. x. 7. Pfalm lxxxiii. 18. xlvii. 7.

(4) The Ifraelites were God's peculiar kingdom, 1 Sam. xii. 1.2. Hof. xiii. 10. Nations which generally profefs the Chriftian religion, are the kingdoms of our Lord and of his Chrift, Rev. xi. 15.

(5.) The Jewith magiftrates were deputies and vicegerents of God the Sovereign King, 1 Chron. xxix. 23. 2 Chron. ix 6, 7. Pfal. lxxxii. 1, 6. Magiftrates are still powers ordained of God, minifters of God for good, to whom we must be subject for confcience fake, for the Lord's fake, Rom. xiii. 1

6. 1 Pet. ii. 13. By Chrift kings still reign, and princes decree justice, even all the judges of the earth, Prov. viii. 15, 16. with Eph. i. 22.

(6.) The manifefted will of God was the proper ftatute book of the Jewish civil law, Deut. xvii. The will of God manifefted in the law of nature or revelation is the fupreme standard of all civil laws in the world, in which every human conftitution ought to be founded, and by which the whole binding force of it is circumferibed, Acts iv. 19. & v. 29. Pfal. ii. 10-12. and hence human laws become an ordinance of God, Rom. xiii. 2.

(7.) The judicial laws of the Hebrew nation, regulated that which pertained to their kings, jndges, warriors, fields, houses, injuries, crimes, punishments, mortgages, marriages, &c. Exod. xxixxiii. Deut. xviii. xx. Lev. xviii. xx. Num. xxxvi.-xxxviii. c. Our civil laws regulate the fame things.

(8.) Among the Jews, notorious difobedience to the declared will of God was held rebellion against im, the King of the nation, and to be condignly

punished, as it tended to the good of the State, Heb. ii. 2. and x. 28. Notorious difobedience to the manifested will of God ought to be ftill held as rebellion against Him, as king of nations, and to be condignly punished, as tends to the welfare of the State, magiftrates being ftill fet up by God to be terrors, revengers, and punishers of evil doers, and bound not to bear the fword in vain, Rom. xiii. 1-5. 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14. Nor hath it been yet proven, That our magiftrates, who have the Scriptures, ought to pay lefs real regard to them in the ftating of crimes, than the Jewish rulers did.

(9.) The Jewish magiftrates were appointed to promote the welfare of the Church, in order to promote the welfare of the State, in subordination to the honour of God, the King of the nation. Magi-* strates are still bound to do the fame, as they have opportunity, Ifa. xlix. 23. & lx. 3, 10, 16. Rev. xvii. 16. & xxi. 24, 26. Rom. xiii. 1-6. 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14. 1 Tim. ii. 1-4.

(10.) The Jewish Church and State, as hath been juft now proven, were really distinct from, and independent of each other, having different laws, officers, courts, privileges, penalties, &c. The Chriftian Church and the civil State of Chriftians are no lefs distinct and independent of each other.

(11.) Nevertheless, the purity of the Jewish Church, contributed much to the welfare of their State, and the right management of their State to the profperity of their Church; and bad management in the one always tended to the hurt of the other, Deut. xxviii.-xxxii. Lev. xxvi. Judges i.xiii. 1 Sam. ii.--to 2 Chron. xxxvi. Ifa. i. Mal. iv. Ifa. i. 19, 20. & iii. 10, 11. righteousness exalteth a nation, and fin is the reproach and ruin of any people, Prov. xiv. 34.

-to

And ftill

(12.) God never commanded the Jewith magi H