college, or to hold and enjoy any ecclesiasti3 cal promotions.'

Referred to the Committee for Mr. Smart, to prepare such things as may be fit to be transmitted to the lords, concerning Dr. Cosin; and likewise to consider of some fit way of reparations to be made to Mr. Smart for his damages sustained.

Feb. 26.

A Complaint was made against Dr. Cosin for causing 2,000l. to be spent in setting up of Images, and other Innovations, in the cathedral of Durham; providing an holy consecrated knife, kept on purpose to cut the Communion-Bread.

March 15. Mr. Rouse carries up the Impeachment against Dr. Cosin to the Lords, where he spake as followeth :

Christ between them, erected in queen Mary's time, in the time of popery: All which, when queen Elizabeth came to the crown, were demolished by virtue of a commission by her to that intent granted; which so continued demolished from that time, till Dr. Cosin came to that church: who being treasurer, caused the same to be repaired, and most gloriously painted.

IX. That all the time that he was unmarried, he wore a cope of white sattin, never officiating in any other, it being reserved solely for him, no man except himself making use thereof, which after marriage be cast off, and never after wore.

X. That there was a knife belonging to the church, kept altogether in the vestry, being put My lords; I am commanded by the house to none but holy uses, as cutting the bread in of Commons, to present to your lordships a the sacrament, and the like, Dr. Cosin refusing Declaration and Impeachment against Dr. to cut the same with any other but that, thinkCosin, and others, upon the Complaint of Mr.ing all others that were unconsecrated, pollutPeter Smart which Mr. Smart was a Proto-ed; but that which he putting holiness in, never Martyr, or first confessor of note, in the late termed but The Consecrated Knife. days of persecution. The whole matter is a tree, whereof the branches and fruit are mani-church, he did deliver certain words in disgrace fest in the Articles of this Declaration; which of the reformers of our church: For instance, being read, I shall with your lordships favour the words were these: The reformers of this discover and lay open the root." church, when they abolished the mass, took away all good order; and instead of reformation, made it a deformation.'

Then the Articles were read thus: ARTICLES of IMPEACHMENT against DR. CO-IN.

I. That he was the first man that caused the Communion-Table in the church of Durham to be removed, and set Altar-wise; in the erecting and beautifying whereof, he, being then Treasurer, expended 2001.

II. That he used to officiate at the West-side thereof, turning his back to the people.

III. That he used extraordinary bowing to it. IV. That he compelled others to do it, using violence to the persons of them that refused so 'to do: For instance, once some omitting it, he comes out of his seat, down to the seat where they sate, being gentlewomen, called them whores and jades, and pagans, and the like unseemly words, and rent some of their cloaths.

V. That he converted divers prayers in the book of common-prayer into hymns, to be sung in the choir, and played with the organ, contrary to the ancient custom of that church.

|

XI. That in a Sermon preached in that

XII. That he seldom or never, in any of his sermons, stiled the ministers of the word and Sacraments, by any other name than priests, nor the Communion-Table by any other name than Altar.

XIII. That by his appointment there was a cope bought, the seller being a convicted jesuit, and afterwards imployed in that church, having upon it the picture of the invisible and incomprehensible Trinity.

XIV. That whereas it had been formerly a custom in that church, at live of the clock to have morning-prayers read winter and summer; this custom, when Dr. Cosin came thither, was abandoned, and instead thereof was used singing, and playing on the organs, and some few prayers read, and this was called the First Service; which being ended, the people departed out of the church, returning at nine a cleck, and having then morning-prayers read unto them; and this was called Second Service. Which Innovation being misliked and complained of by Mr. Justice Hutton was refornied.

VI. That whereas it had been formerly a cus tom in that church, at the end of every sermon sing a psalm, this custom, when Dr. Cosm dhither, was abrogated, and instead there- XV. That he framed a superstitious cereby sung an anthem in the choir, there be-mony, in lighting the tapers which were psdm sing either at the minister's going placed on the altar, which for instance was the pulpit, or at his coming down. this: A company of boys that belonged to the 11. That the first Candlemas-day at night Church, came in at the choir-door, with he had been in that church, he caused torches in their hands lighted, bowing towards Lundred wax-candles to be set up, and the altar at their first entrance, bowing thrice in the church at once, in honour of Our before they lighted their tapers; having done, key, and placed threescore of them upon and they withdrew themselves, bowing so oft as before: not once turning their back-parts towards the altar, the organs all the time going.

the altar.

That in this church, there were reliques
anges, above which were remaining
of two seraphims, with the picture of

XVI. That he counselled some young students of the university, to be imitators and practisers

of his superstitious ceremonies; who to ingra- | trimony, and to offer a sum of money to this tiate themselves in his favour, did accordingly; petty-canon to contract matrimony between and being afterwards reproved for the same, by them in a private chamber; so thereupon to some of their friends, confessed that Dr. Cosin take advantage of his revenge upon him. first induced them to that practice, and encou- Which ARTICLES being read, raged them therein.

XVII. That he used upon Communion-days to make the sign of the cross, with his finger, both upon the seats whereon they were to sit, and the cushions to kneel upon, using some words when he so did.

XVIII. That one Sabbath-day there was set up an unnecessary company of tapers and lights in the church; which Dr. Hunt being then dean, fearing they might give offence, being they were unnecessary, sent his man to pull them down, who did so. But Dr. Cosin being thereat aggrieved, came to the fellow, and there miscalled him in most uncivil manner, and began to beat him in the public view of the congregation, to the great disturbance of the same.

XIX. That the dean and chapiter of that church, where Dr. Cosin was one, with many others, being invited to dinner in the town of Durham; Dr. Cosin then and there spake words derogating from the king's prerogative. The words were these; The king hath no more 'power over the church, than the boy that rubs 'my horse's heels*?

Mr. Rouse proceeded thus:

"My Lords; I am now to discover the root of Mr. Smart's persecution. Your lordships have heard of a great design to bring in popery; you have heard of armies of soldiers, and particularly of the popish Irish army, the burthen and complaint of the commons. But there is another army not so much spoken of; and that is, an army of priests; For since altars came in, so they delight to be called. It is a saying of Gregory the great, That when antichrist comes, præparatus est exercitus sacerdotum,' there is an army of priests to receive him: This is fulfilled in our time: for certainly this army of Priests doth many ways advance the design and plot of popery. A first is by the subversion of our laws and government: Our laws and popery cannot stand together; but either popery must overthrow our laws, or our laws must overthrow popery. But to overthrow our laws, they must overthrow parliaments; and to overthrow parliaments they must overthrow property; they must bring the subjects goods to be arbitrarily disposed, that so there may be no need of parliaments: This hath been done by Dr. Mainwaring (whom we find wanting, yet not in the Seats, but at the bar of the lords house) and the like by Dr. Beale: And I think it was the intention of the late Canons.

XX. That there being many canons of the said church present at that time, amongst the rest there was one took more notice of his words than the rest, and acquainted one of his fellow-canons with them when he came home: This canon being a friend to Dr. Cosin, told the doctor that such a man exclaimed of him, and charged him with words that he should "A second way, by which this Army of speak at such a time: The doctor presently Priests advanceth the popish design, is the way sends for him; and when he came into the of Treaty. This hath been acted both by writhouse, the doctor desires him to follow himings and conference. Sancta Clara himself into an inner room, who did so: but as soon saith, doctissimi eorum quibuscum egi;' So it he came in, the doctor shuts the door, and sets seems they have had conferences together: both his hands upon him, calling him rogue and And Sancta Clara, on his part, labours to bring rascal, and many other names: Insomuch, that the Articles of our Church to popery; and the man fearing he would do him mischief, some of our side strive to meet him in that way. cried out. Mrs. Cosin coming in, endeavour-We have a testimony, that the great arch priest ed to appease her husband, and holding his bands, the other ran away.

XXI. That the doctor did seek many unjust ways to ensnare this inan, that so he might take a just occasion to put him out of his place: but none of them taking effect, he put him out by violence, having no other reason why he did so, but because he had no good voice, when he had served the place two years before Dr. Cosin came thither: For instance of which unjust ways to ensnare this man, Dr. Cosin hired a man and a woman to pretend a desire of ma

The utterance of these words had been alleged against Dr. Cosin in the year 1628; and an investigation was then had by the house of commons into the conduct of the Attorney General in not proceeding in a prosecution against Cosin for the same, and into the circumstances of a pardon granted to him upon that occasion. 2 Cobb. Parl. Hist. 458 et seq.

himself hath said, it were no hard matter to 'make a reconciliation, if a wise man had the handling of it.' But I verily believe, that as the state of papacy stands, a far wiser man than he cannot reconcile us without the loss of our religion. For the pope being fastened to his errors, even by his chair of in-errability, he sits still unmoved, and so we cannot meet, except we come wholly to him. A man standeth in a boat tied to a rock, when he draws the rope, doth not draw the rock to the boat, but the boat to the rock. And Sancta Clara doth (in this somewhat honestly) confess it; for he saith, that he dealt in this way of treaty, not to draw the church to the protestants; but the protestants to the church.

"A third way is a way of violence; this violence they exercise partly by secular arms, and partly by priestly arms, which they call spiritual.

* See vol. 3, p. 385.

mercy.

For secular arms, we have their own confes- | which he could get no release by any priestly sion, that the late war was bellum episcopale: and we have the papists confession, that it was bellum papale; for in their motives they say, That the war concerns them not only as sub'jects, but as catholicks;' for so they falsly call themselves; and if it be so, then bellum episcopale is also bellum papale: In the episcopal war, the papal cause is advanced for the spiritual arms. Thus they come to execution.

"And now it is prayed, That as these Delinquents, by the cruel oppressions of Mr. Smart have advanced the cause of popery, so they may in such a degree of justice be punished; that in them priestly cruelty, and the very cause of popery may appear to be punished and suppressed; and that Mr. Smart, suffering for the cause of protestancy, may be so repaired, that in him pious constancy, and the very cause of protestancy, may appear to be righted and repaired."

To the above ARTICLES the Doctor put in his ANSWER upon oath, and so fully vindicated himself, during the five days the Affair was depending before the Lords, that most of them acknowledged his innocence: And Mr. Glover, one of Smart's own counsel, told him openly at the bar of the house of lords, That he was ashamed of him, and could not in conscience

"When a great man is coming, his sumpters, his furniture, his provisions go before: The pope's furniture, altars and copes, pictures and images are come before; and, if we believe doctor Cosin, the very substance of the mass; a certain sign that the pope was not far off. Now these fore-runners being come, if any man resist them, fire comes out of the brambles, and devours the cedars of Lebanon; the army of the priests falls upon him with their arms of suspension, sequestration, excommunication, degradation, and deprivation. And by these arms hath Mr. Smart been oppressed and un-plead for him any longer.' Whereupon, the done: He falls upon their superstitions and in- lords dismissed the Doctor upon his putting novations; and they fall upon him with their bail for his appearance: but they never sent arms, they beat him down, yea they pull him for him again. up by the roots, taking away all his means of maintenance and living; yet they leave him life to feel his miseries. Ita feriunt, ut diu se ⚫ sentiat mori :' There is no cruelty to priestly cruelty: These are they that did put our Saviour to death: The calling is reverend, but the corruption of it most pernicious corruptio ⚫ optimi pessima.' I know no reason of this change, except it be that of the Apostle, because when they knew God they did not worship him as God,' but made a God of the world, placing the excellency of priesthood in worldly pomp and greatness, and gave the glory of the invisible God to pictures, images, and altars, therefore God gave them up to vile affections, to be implacable, unmerciful, and without natural affection. But whatsoever is the cause of their corruption, certainly their arms have fallen heavily upon Mr. Smart; and priestly cruelty hath cast him into a long misery; from

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"John Cosin was master of Peter-house in Cambridge and Dean of Peterborough, in the reign of Charles 1, in which he enjoyed several other considerable preferments. He was accused of introducing superstitious innovations in the church of Durham, of which he was then prebendary, by Peter Smart, who had been prosecuted by him for preaching against Episcopacy. He held his deanery but a short time, as he was the first of the clergy who were sequestered from their dignities and benefices by the parliament. In 1643 he retired to Paris, where he was appointed chaplain to the Protestant part of queen Henrietta's family. He succeeded Dr. Morton in the see of Durham and while he sat in that see, expended large sums in public and private charities and benefactions. He died Jan. 15, 1671-2, in the 78th year of his age." Granger.

153. Proceedings against Dr. MATTHEW WREN,* Bishop of Ely, on an Impeachment for High Crimes and Misdemeanors: 16 CHARLES I. A. D. 1640. [4 Rushw. Coll. 351. 2 Cobb. Parl. Hist. 682.]

ON the 19th of December 1640, a Mes-Hampden, to let their lordships know, "That sage was sent to the house of lords by Mr.

Mr. Grimston, with an attempt at wit which probably had its admirers, inveighing against Manwaring, Piers, Bancroft, and Wren, called this last "the least of all those birds, but one of the most unclean ones." He was dean of the chapel to Charles the First. Clarendon calls him a man of a severe, sour nature, but very learned, and particularly versed in the old liturgies of the Greek and Latin churches.

they had received Informations of a very high nature against Matthew Wren, lord bishop of Ely, for setting up Idolatry and Superstition in divers places, and exercising and acting some things of that nature in his own person; and because they hear the said bishop of Ely endeavours to make an escape out of the kingdom, he was commanded to desire their lordships to think of some such course, that he may put in security for his forth-coming, and to abide the judgment of parliament." Then the

That the communion-table, which is appointed by the said Rubrick, at the time of the celebration of the holy communion, to be placed in the body of the church or chancel, where divine prayers are usually read, and where the people might best hear, should be set up close under the wall at the east-end of the chancel, altarwise, and not to be removed from thence; whereby the minister, who is by the law to officiate at the north side of the table, must either stand and officiate at the north-end of the table so standing altarwise, or else after the popish and idolatrous manner, stand and officiate at the west-side of the table with his back towards the people.

bishop of Ely was commanded to withdraw; | and the lords ordered him to give 10,000l. bail for his forth-coming. Hereupon the Bishop was called again, and the Lord Keeper acquainted him with the order, which he consented to, hoping to get friends to be bound with him. Then it was moved, That the bishop of Ely might be bound by recognizance of 10,000l. for his appearance, until he put in such security as the house should approve of; which he consenting to, did immediately before the Lord Keeper in the house acknowledge as followeth, viz., ' Matthew Wren, Episcopus Elien'sis, recognovit se de beredomino regi decem 'mille libras, levari de terris et tenementis 'bonis et catallis suis, &c. ad usum domini III. He in the same year 1636, enjoined 'regis.' The condition was, That he should that there should be a rail set on the top of the appear from day to day, until Wednesday next; new raised steps before the communion-table, against which day he is to provide sufficient so set altar-wise as aforesaid, which rail should bail for 10,000l. such as this house shall ap-reach from the south-side of the chancel to the prove of, to be bound for his forthcoming, and abiding the judgment of parliament.

July 5th, 1641.

north within, which the minister only should enter, as a place too holy for the people, and some of the people were punished for entering into it, as namely Daniel Whayman, and others.

Sir Thomas Widdrington brought in to the House of Commons twenty-five Articles of Im- IV. The more to advance blind superstipeachment against Matthew Wren, late bishoption, he in the same year 1636, ordered that of Norwich, now bishop of Ely; which being all the pews in the churches should be so alread, and singly voted, were ordered to be en- tered, that the people might kneel with their grossed. These Articles were as follows: faces eastward, towards the communion-table ARTICLES of IMPEACHMENT against should be no seats in the chancel above, or on so set altarwise, as aforesaid; and that there MATTHEW WREN, D. D. late Bishop of either side, even up with the said table. NORWICH, and now Bishop of ELY. That the said Matthew Wren, being popishly and superstitiously affected, did, at his first coming to be bishop of Norwich, which was in the year 1635, endeavour by sundry ways and means to suppress the powerful and painful preaching of the word of God, did introduce divers orders and injunctions, tending to superstition and idolatry, did disturb and disquiet the orderly and settled estate of the ministers and people, and churches of that diocess, to the great prejudice of his majesty, the great grief and disquiet, and hazard of the estates, consciences, and lives of many of his majesty's loyal subjects there, to the manifest bringing in and encreasing of prophaneness, ignorance and disobedience in the common people, as by the particulars ensuing may appear:

I. Whereas many chancels of churches, during all the time of queen Elizabeth, king James, and of his majesty that now is, had laid and been continued even and flat, without any steps ascending towards the cast end of the same, and are by the Rubrick in the Book of Common Prayer, ordered to continue as they were, and so ought to have continued; he, of his own mind and will, without any lawful warrant or authority, in the year 1636, being then bishop of Norwich, ordered and enjoined, that the same should be raised towards the eastend, some two, some three, some four steps, that so the communion-table there placed altarwise, might be the better seen of the people.

II. He in the same year 1636, ordered,

V. He in the same year 1636, enjoined that every minister, after he had finished the reading of some part of morning prayer at the desk, should go out from the same to the holy table, set altarwise, as to a more holy place, and there, when no communion was to be administered, read at the said table a part of the communion service, now commonly called the second service, whereby the consciences, both of the ministers and people, have been not only very much offended and grieved; but also the service itself was made very unprofitable to the people, who could not hear what was said, or prayed in that place.

VI. That both he in his own person, his chaplains, and others of the clergy; as namely, Mr. John Nowel, Mr. William Guest, Mr. John Dunkon, and others, following his example, did ever, after the table was so set altarwise, use and perform such, so many, and so frequent bowings, and adorations, examples, to draw others to the like superstitious gestures, as have given great scandal, and offence to the sound, sincere, and well-affected Christians.

VII. He in the said year 1636, enjoined all the people to come up to the rail to receive the holy communion, and there kneel, and do reverence before the holy table placed altarwise, and gave directions to the ministers, not to administer the communion to such people as should not so come up, and do such reverence as aforesaid; and that the minister should within the rail deliver the bread to such people only as should so come up and kneel