Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Volume 3

achieved addition allow alloy analysis application austenite base bending carbon clad compared composite cooling corrosion cost crack critical CTOD curves cycles density determined developed diameter effect elastomer electrodes element Engineering equation evaluation fabrication failure fatigue ferrite Figure fire fracture function grain hardness heat input higher hydrogen included increase indicated initial installation joint limited load lower manufacturing material maximum measured mechanical method microstructure nitrogen observed obtained offshore operation parameters performance phase pipe plate position possible predicted preheat present pressure procedures production properties range reduced reported Research resistance root seal shielding shown shows specific specimens steel strain strength stress structural surface Table Technology temperature tensile thickness toughness underwater values volume weld metal wet welding wire