Oceanography: An Illustrated GuideOceans cover over 70 per cent of the earth's surface and are essential to life on earth, yet their deepest mysteries remained unexplored until recently when 20th century technological advances allowed the vast expansion of our frontiers of knowledge. |
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Abyssal Plain acoustic animals artificial reefs asthenosphere atmosphere benthic biological bioluminescence bloom carbon cells changes Chapter chemical climate CO₂ coastal colour concentration continental Courtesy cycle debris flow deep ocean deep water deep-sea density deposits depth dioxide dissolved distribution Earth eddies energy environment equation estuary euphausiids example Figure fish flux global habitat heat hydrothermal hydrothermal vent increase instruments latitudes layer light lithosphere marine snow material measurements ment metres Mid-Atlantic Ridge mid-ocean mid-ocean ridge North Atlantic observations occur ocean basins oceanic crust Oceanographic offshore organic oxygen Pacific particles pelagic phytoplankton plankton processes production profiles radiation range reflected regions relative ridge rocks salinity samples satellite scale sea bed sea floor sea surface sea water sedi sediment sensors ships side-scan sonar slope sonar species surface waters temperature tion transport turbidite turbidity current velocity vent vertical water column waves wind zone zooplankton