Correct the following errors. I have not heard from she. Withhold not commendation It was through I that you went. ness of theirselves, by in- I trust the person under who you act, is discreet. Who was the book given to? The boy, who you gave the I hope it is not I, thou art dis book to, is gone. I wonder at he. The gentleman who I went with, pleased with. CHAPTER XVI. Conjunctions neither govern other words, nor are they required to agree with them; but, as connecting particles, they imply a continuance of similar phraseology to that which next precedes them; and hence originates the following rule. RULE XVI. Conjunctions connect the same moods and tenses of Verbs, correspondent Participles, and the same cases of Nouns and Pronouns. The preposition governing a relative pronoun, is generally best placed immediately before the relative; as, " to whom it is due." The preposition is sometimes understood; as, "Take him the newspaper," which expressed in full, is "Take to him the newspaper." Therefore the preposition to (understood) governs the pronoun, causing it to be in the objective case. ILLUSTRATION.-Conjunctions being purely connectives, carry forward the agreement or the government of some words that precede them, to those that follow them; as, "Thomas brought me and her to school in the phaeton;" i.e., “Thomas brought me, and he also brought her to school in the phaeton:" the government of the verb brought being carried by the conjunction and to the Pronoun her, although the verb is not again expressed. And in instances where there is no governing word, an agreement of the word or words that go before is required with those that follow the conjunction; as, "I and he learn to draw." Here the Pronouns I and he agree in the Nominative case, because each forms a part of the Nominative to the verb learn; and both connected, compose the Nominative case to the verb. The same reasoning applies, in reference to the general requirement of similar phrases of verbs connected with Conjunctions. Different Moods and Tenses are sometimes joined by a conjunction; but when so, the Nominative to the Verb should be repeated; as, “He can explain it, and he will do so to your satisfaction.”* Correct the following errors. He speaks and acted with much You rise early, and sat up late. Him and she I expected yester- Anger glances into the breast of The parliament addressed the king, and has been prorogued the same day. I should feel gratified, if he will comply. He is not rich, but is respectable. He wishes to excel; but does not make the necessary application. A knowledge of syntax not only enables you to write correctly; but qualifies you to convey the true sense of what you read to others. The Nominative of the verb, should be repeated in a connection of the same Mood and Tense, if a contrast is made with but, yet, or though, &c.; as," He will go early, but he will not return till late." K The high bailiff having left the chair, and it being taken by the low bailiff, a vote of thanks was moved. Did he not tell thee his fault, and entreated* thee to forgive him? Let him and she go. I hope he will call, for wish to He and her are both gone. He reads and is writing well. I did not go, because had not been asked. Conjunctions connect, in general, like words and phrases. An adjective and an adverb should not be connected by a conjunction; as, "He acted wise and nobly," should be "wisely and nobly." Care must be taken in perceiving clearly the construction and sense of the sentence, and then there will be little doubt, that the correspondent words, before and after the conjunctions, will be properly applied. CHAPTER XVII. In the English language, several negative words are frequently used in the same phrase, which words, so connected, either confuse the idea to be conveyed; or affirm what they are intended to deny; as, "I did not, nor will I not have nothing to do with the business," instead of "I did not, nor will I have any thing to do with the business." "I did not say nothing," which is equal to “I said something." It should be, "I did not say anything." RULE XVII. Two or more Negatives must not be used in reference to the same thing, when negation is intended, for, so used, they are equal to an affirmative. *Not only should the same tense be used, but also similar forms of the verbs; as, "did he not tell" being used," did he not entreat" should be used, instead of "entreated." ILLUSTRATION.-Negative words are no, not, nor, neither, never, nothing. There are also words which become negative with a particle prefixed to them; as, disallow not to allow, incorrect not correct, illegal not legal, ungrammatical not grammatical. To say, "He did not speak ungrammatically," is equal to “He spoke grammatically," and is therefore an affirmation made by two negatives. Correct the following errors. I am so ill, that I cannot go no Do not interrupt me thyself, where. nor let no one disturb me. They cannot take nothing from I have not done nothing. me. I did not say nothing. I have not done no sum. We have not been no where to day where we intended to go. I cannot eat no more. There is no subject on which he Iwould rather not have no more. cannot converse.* Do not let nobody in. nor no such perishing things. I trust I shall not see no more of you. Nothing never affected her so much, as this misconduct of her child. I do not see nothing in your eye. I will not walk no further, nor will not ride home to-night. I am resolved not to comply with the proposal, neither at present nor at no other time. Precept nor discipline is not so forcible as example. I wont go no more. CHAPTER XVIII. Interjections are words which have no government of other words; neither does any agreement between them and other words subsist. But it frequently happens that through an ellipsis of some governing word, the Objective case of a First Personal Pronoun immediately follows an interjection; as, "Ah me! I shall be detected;" which is, the ellipsis being supplied, "Ah (sorrow to) me! I shall be detected." * This sentence is allowable, for it means, as it stands, that there is no subject with which he is unacquainted, and is therefore qualified to converse on any subject. The Objective case should never follow an Interjection, unless there is a governing word expressed or understood in the phrase. These remarks would be deemed unnecessary, did not the frequent use of the Objective case after the Interjection O, Oh, and Ah, require the explanation. PARSING. Having become acquainted with all the parts of speech, and the rules of Syntax by which their use is explained and regulated, it will be well now for the learner to explain sentences throughout, word by word, according to the definitions and rules of grammar, which art of resolving or explaining a sentence grammatically, is called parsing. Take any sentence in the exercises, and after having corrected it, parse it in a similar manner to the following specimens. EXEMPLIFICATION OF PARSING. "Thomas digs the garden." Thomas is a proper noun of the third person, singular number, masculine gender, and in the nominative case, being the nominative case, or the subject to the verb digs. Digs is an irregular verb active transitive, indicative mood, present tense, and third person singular, agreeing with its nominative case Thomas, according to Rule III, which says, "A verb must agree with its nominative case in number and person." The is the definite article. Garden is a common noun, of the third person, singular number, neuter gender, and in the objective case, governed by the active transitive verb digs, according to Rule IV, which says, "Active transitive verbs govern the objective case.” "The master rules the lines." The is the definite article. Master is a common noun, |