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PAWNBROKERS' FEES AND PRIVILEGES.

AN ordinance to license and regulate pawnbrokers was approved by Mayor Conrad in 1856. The two following sections of that law as since amended present the regulations which affect the dealings of the pawnbrokers with their customers. The only change made by amendment is that the words two per cent.," specifying the charges for storage, etc., have been finally changed to "five per cent.," as below, after having been made the subject of much discussion and several changes:

No pawnbroker shall ask, demand, or receive a greater rate of interest than six per centum per annum, and in addition thereto he is authorized and permitted to demand and receive for storage and other necessary expenses a sum not exceeding five per centum per month. And any pawnbroker who shall demand or receive any higher rate of interest or charges than is herein provided shall forfeit and pay the sum of one hundred dollars.

No pawnbroker shall sell any goods, articles, or thing pawned or pledged until the same shall have remained in his possession four months for dry goods and clothing of all kinds, and eight months for all other articles, within which times, respectively, such goods, articles, or thing shall be delivered, on application made by the owner thereof, or his or her legal representative: Provided, Such applicant shall surrender the duplicate, certificate, or note, and pay the sum originally loaned, with the interest and charges that may have accrued thereon; and such goods, articles, or thing that shall remain unredeemed at the expiration of the time before mentioned shall be sold at public auction in the city of Philadelphia, and not otherwise or elsewhere, after ten days' notice of the time and place of sale, and the kind of goods, first given in two public newspapers having the largest circulation in the said city. And the surplus money, if any, arising from the said sale, after deducting the amount of the loan, the interest and charges then due on the same, and the expenses of the advertisement and sale, shall be paid over by the pawnbroker to the person who would have been entitled to redeem the pledge in case no such sale had taken place. And if any pawnbroker shall violate any of the provisions of this section, he shall forfeit and pay the sum of fifty dollars for every such violation: Provided, That no goods, articles, or things shall be offered at such sale of forfeited goods except such as shall have been placed bona fide upon pledge, under a penalty of twenty dollars for each and every article so sold.

FEES, ETC. TO SEALERS OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

THESE officers are entitled to demand and receive the following fees, to wit: For the trial and balancing of every set of scales, ten cents; of every patent balance, twenty cents; of every set of coal or hay scales, two dollars each; and of every yard measure, six cents; for every bushel measure, twenty cents; for every half-bushel measure, fifteen cents; for every peck and halfpeck measure, ten cents; for quarter-peck measure, six and a fourth cents; of every gallon, half-gallon and quart measure, four cents each; of every pint or less, three cents each; of every weight twenty-eight pounds or more, twelve and a half cents; of every weight less than twenty

eight pounds, four cents each; provided, that for the sealing of such beams, scales, weights and measures as have been sealed the previous year, he shall demand and receive only one-half of the afore-mentioned fees.

The fees to be paid for the tria. or adjusting of every platform scale which draws five hundred pounds or under shall be one dollar; and an additional sum of ten cents for every one hundred pounds over five hundred pounds, and not exceeding two thousand pounds. Provided always, for the sealing of such scales as have been sealed the previous year, as are or shall be correct, the sealers of weights and measures shall demand only one-half of the aforesaid fees.

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I...... 300,000 to 500,000..... 200.00........1.13 A...... 500,000 to 1,000,000..... 350.00........1.13 B......1,000,000 to 2,000,000..... 450.00........1.13 C......2,000,000 to 3,000,000..... 600.00........I.13 D......3,000,000 to 4,000,000..... 800.00.......1.13 E......4,000,000 to 5,000,000..... 900.00........1.13 F...... 5,000,000 and upward.... 1000.00........ 1.13 EXCEPTIONS.No person whose annual sales do not exceed $1000 is required to take out a license. No feme sole trader or single woman whose sales do not exceed $2500 (venders of wines or liquors excepted, is required to take out a license. No importer of foreign goods who sells them in the original package as imported is required to take out a license. A manufacturer or mechanic not having a store or warehouse apart from his manufactory or workshop for the purpose of vending goods is not required to pay the annual tax and license required of foreign dealers. Manufacturers and mechanics who sell goods other than their own manufacture not exceeding the sum or value of $500 per annum are not required to pay any annual tax or license fee; but if such sales exceed the sum or value of $500 per annum, they are required to pay the same annual tax as is now required to be paid by dealers in foreign merchandise.

SPECIAL LICENSES at special rates are required to be taken out by brewers and distillers, billiardsaloon and bowling-alley proprietors, patent medicine venders, brokers, auctioneers, liquor-dealers, tavern-keepers, proprietors of restaurants, eating-houses, etc., and wholesale liquor-dealers.

54

REMARKS ON THE ART OF COOKING.

IT is a true though trite remark that "God is the Giver and the devil's the cook" in too many cases, and all for want of attention to a few general laws, if I may so speak, that rule all good cooking.

SOUP-MAKING-The chief art in making good lies in the judicious blending of the different flavors, so that nothing shall predominate.

soup

The scum should be taken off before the soup boils, or it will not be clear. All the fat is to be taken off.

Simmer very softly. If soup be suffered to boil quickly, the goodness of the meat can never be extracted.

Put the meat into cold water; let it be long on the fire before it comes to a boil; allow about two tablespoonfuls of salt to a gallon of soup, if it have many vegetables; less, if the vegetables

be few.

From one and a half pints to one quart of water to every pound of meat will make good soup. If the water waste, and more is to be added, use boiling water. Cold or lukewarm water will spoil the soup.

the fire. Loin of the same, one hour. Neck, the same weight, one hour and three-quarters. Pork rubbed with salt the night previous, and then scraped before roasting, improves the flavor. In roasting of beef, mutton, lamb, pork and poultry, place a dripping-pan under the meat, with a little clean dripping or fat, which should be very hot when the meat is basted. A quarter of an hour before serving, add one-half pint of water to the fat in the dripping-pan; dredge the meat with flour and salt. When the meat is dished up, pour the contents of the pan into a basin, straining it through a gauze sieve kept on purpose; remove all the fat, add a little coloring and salt to the gravy, and pour it into the dish under the meat.

Veal and poultry should have half the quantity of water put into the pan, and that, when strained, add to a half pint of thick melted butter, with two teaspoonfuls of any sauce for flavor.-M. SOYER.

BOILING.-Meat should be boiled in a vessel large enough to contain it easily, so that it may have perfect freedom and sufficient water, otherwise it will be hard and discolored; at the same time, too large a pot will leave unnecessary space, boil-which ought to be avoided; for as the meat requires to be covered with water full two inches, the liquor will then be too weak to be of any service afterward.

Keep the saucepan in which your soup is ing closely covered, or the strength will fly off with the steam.

Soup will be as good the second day as the first if heated to the boiling-point. It should never be left in the saucepan, but should be turned into a dish or shallow pan and set aside to get cold. Never cover it up, as that will cause it to turn sour very quickly.

Before heating a second time, remove all the fat from the top. If this be melted in, the flavor of the soup will certainly be spoiled.

Thickened soups require nearly double the seasoning used for thin soups or broth.

Brown soup is made chiefly of beef; white soup, of veal.

ROASTING.-Time-table for Roasting. Ten lbs. of BEEF will take from two hours to two hours and a half roasting, eighteen inches from a good fire. Six lbs., one hour and a quarter to an hour and a half, fourteen inches from the fire. Three ribs of beef, boned and rolled, well tied round with paper, will take two hours and a half, eighteen inches from the fire, and only baste once. If beef is very fat, it does not require basting; if very lean, tie it up in greasy paper and baste well.

Eight lbs. of VEAL will take from one hour and a half to two hours, eighteen inches from the fire; if stuffed, at least two hours.

Chump, or loin and kidneys, of four lbs., will take one hour and a quarter; baste well. Six lbs. of breast, one hour, twelve inches from the fire. Six lbs. of the shoulder and neck, the same. A leg of MUTTON, of eight lbs., will take one hour and a half, eighteen inches from the fire. Saddle, ten lbs., one hour and a quarter to one hour and a half, eighteen inches, measuring from the flat surface. Shoulder, one hour and a half; loin, one hour and a half; breast, three-quarters of an hour; neck, one hour.

LAMB, according to size, but in the same proportion less than mutton, but ought always to be well done and placed nearer the fire; if a good fire, about fifteen inches from it.

PORK should be well done. A leg of six lbs., with skin over, two hours, eighteen inches from

Before putting your joint into the pot, put in a plate turned upside down, so that the water may get to every part and the meat may not stick to the bottom. All kinds of meat should be put into cold soft water, and with fresh meat throw in a little salt to raise the scum. The water should not be suffered to come to a boil too quickly, and just before it boils the scum should be removed, and for a few minutes afterward; for if the scum be suffered to boil down, it will render the meat black. When it is skimmed quite clean, cover the pot and set it aside, so that it may only simmer, taking great care, however, that it never ceases to do so. Should the water waste in the boiling, it will be necessary to add more, so as to keep the meat covered; in this case boiling water must be used. If the meat be boiled in a cloth, it will be whiter, but the liquor will be spoiled. It is usual to allow a quarter of an hour to every pound of meat, reckoning from the time the water begins to boil; but this is by no means an infallible rule, as some parts of meat require much more cooking than others. piece of brisket of beef, for instance, requires much more time for cooking than a piece of the round of the same weight; and you would surely spoil the best end of the neck of mutton by boil ing it the same length of time as the breast. cook must use her own judgment, in some measure, on these matters. When meat is perfectly fresh, it requires more time for cooking than when stale or long killed. Good meat invariably swells in boiling.

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If corned meat be too salt, you may pour off the water after it has boiled a few minutes, and replace it with fresh.

THE Philadelphia Ledger is one of the most reliable and popular dailies published in America, and well deserves the high reputation that it has won. Montgomery Ledger, Pottstown, Pa., Jan. 9, 1877.

HOUSEHOLD RECIPES.

CEMENT FOR BROKEN CHINA, GLASS, ETC.— Dissolve 1⁄2 an oz. of gum acacia in a wineglassful of boiling water; add plaster of Paris sufficient to form a thick paste, and apply it with brush to the broken parts. Being nearly colorless, it is better than liquid glue or other ce

ments.

CLEAN BRASSES, BRITANNIA METAL, TINS, COPPERS, ETC., with a mixture of rotten-stone, soft soap and oil of turpentine mixed to the consistency of stiff putty. The rotten-stone should be powdered very fine and sifted, and a quantity made to last for a time. The articles should first be washed with hot water to remove grease; then rub the metal with the mixture, mixed with a little water; then rub off briskly with a dry clean rag or leather, and a beautiful polish will be obtained.

TO KILL COCKROACHES.-A teacupful of wellbruised plaster of Paris, mixed with double the quantity of oatmeal, to which add a little sugar (this latter is not essential); then strew it on the floor or in the chinks where they frequent.

CHAPPED HANDS.-Mix of a lb. of unsalted hog's lard which has been washed in water with the yolks of two new-laid eggs and a large spoonful of honey. Add as much fine oatmeal as will work into a paste.

ALL FLANNELS should be soaked before they are made up, first in cold, then in hot water, in order to shrink them. Flannel should always be washed with white soap, and in warm, but not boiling, water.

PATENT-LEATHER BOOTS require to be wiped with a wet sponge, and afterward with a soft dry cloth, and occasionally with a soft cloth and sweet oil, blacking and polishing the edge of the soles in the usual way, but so as not to cover the patent polish with blacking. A little milk may also be used with very good effect for patentleather boots.

GREASE-SPOTS from cotton or woolen materials of fast colors. Absorbent pastes, purified bullock's-blood, and even common soap, are used, applied to the spot when dry. When the colors are not fast, use French chalk, fuller's earth or pulverized potter's clay, laid in a layer over the spot, and press it with a very hot iron.

TO PREVENT THE HAIR FROM FALLING Off, sponge the head lightly every day with cold tea. MARROW POMADE FOR THE HAIR.-One quarter of a lb. of marrow, 4 oz. of lard, 6 oz. of castor oil, 6 oz. of salad oil, 1 d. of palm oil. Scent the whole with essential oil of bergamot or almonds, etc. Melt the lard well together, then strain it, and strain the marrow. Mix all well together until nearly cold, and put in pots.

FOR WHITENING THE HANDS.-Take a wineglassful of eau-de-Cologne, and another of lemon-juice; then scrape two cakes of brown Windsor soap to a powder, and mix well.

TO WHITEN LACE.-Lace may be restored to the original whiteness by first ironing it slightly, and then folding it and sewing it into a clean linen bag, which is placed for twenty-four hours in pure olive oil. Afterward the bag is boiled in a solution of soap and water for fifteen minutes, then well rinsed in lukewarm water, and finally dipped in water containing a slight proportion of starch. The lace is then taken from the bag and stretched on pins to dry.

FURS AND WOOLENS PRESERVED FROM MOTHS. -Place pieces of camphor or tobacco-leaves in the drawers or boxes where furs or other things to be preserved from moths are kept, sewn up in linen bags. They should be well shaken and beaten before putting them away.

TO CLEAN KID GLOVES.-To clean kid gloves, have ready a little new milk in one saucer and a piece of brown soap in another, and a clean cloth or towel folded three or four times. On the cloth spread out the glove smooth and neat. Take a piece of flannel, dip it in milk, then rub off a good quantity of soap to the wetted flannel, and commence to rub the glove toward the fingers, holding it firmly with the deft hand. Continue this process until the glove, if white, looks of a dingy yellow, though clean; if colored, till it looks dark and spoiled. Lay it to dry, and the operator will soon be gratified to see the old glove look nearly new. It will be soft, glossy, smooth

and elastic.

TO CLEAN HAIR-BRUSHES AND COMBS.-Dissolve a piece of soda in some hot water, allowing a piece the size of a walnut to a quart of water. Put the water into a basin, and, after combing out the hair from the brushes, dip them, bristles downward, into the water and out again, keeping the backs and handles as free from the water as possible. Repeat this until the bristles look clean; then rinse the brushes in a little cold water; shake them well, and wipe the handles and backs with a towel, but not the bristles, and set the brushes to dry in the sun or near the fire, but take care not to put them too close to it. Wiping the bristles of a brush makes them soft, as does also the use of soap.

TO REVIVE OLD CRAPE (mourning).- Place a little water in a tea-kettle, and let it boil till there is plenty of steam from the spout; then, holding the crape in both hands, pass it to and fro several times through the steam. Stains are removed from mourning-dresses, such as bombazines, cloth, crape, etc., by rubbing them with a sponge dipped in a mixture composed of a handful of fig-leaves boiled in two quarts of water till reduced to a pint.

PAINT. To get rid of the smell of oil-paint, plunge a handful of hay into a pail full of water, and let it stand in the room newly painted.

TO REMOVE PAINT FROM SILK OR CLOTH.If the fabric will bear it, sharp rubbing will frequently entirely remove a newly-made paintstain; but if this is not successful, apply spirit of turpentine till the stains disappear.

FOR CLEANING SILKS.-Four oz. of honey; 6 oz. of soft soap; 1 pint of whisky or gin. To be well mixed together, and rubbed on the silk with a soft brush on both sides; afterward to be rinsed through a tub of soft water, and then through hard water. Dry it on a horse, and iron it with a tolerably hot iron.

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MAXIMS.

WITHOUT friends the world is but a wilderness. The greatest misfortune of all is not to be able to bear misfortune.

The most mischievous liars are those who keep on the verge of truth.

Prosperity is not without its troubles, nor adversity without its comforts.

Wisdom is better without an inheritance than an inheritance without wisdom.

As too long a retirement weakens the mind, so too much company dissipates it.

If your means suit not with your ends, pursue those ends which suit with your means.

No man can be provident of his time that is not prudent in the choice of his company.

Never expect any assistance or consolation in your necessities from drinking companions.

In the morning think what thou hast to do, and at night ask thyself what thou hast done. Friendship is a medicine for all misfortune; but ingratitude dries up the fountain of all good

ness.

It is better to be of the number of those who need relief than of those who want hearts to give it.

Emulation is a noble passion, as it strives to excel by raising itself, and not by depressing another.

He that follows his recreation instead of his business shall in a little time have no business to follow.

Friendship improves happiness and abates misery by the doubling of our joy and dividing of our grief.

Men of mean qualities show but little favor to great virtues. A lofty wisdom offends an ordi-"

nary reason.

From the experience of others do thou learn wisdom, and from their failings correct thine own faults.

Hear not ill of a friend, nor speak any of an enemy. Believe not all you hear, nor report all you believe.

Virtue is the surest foundation both of reputation and fortune, and the first step to greatness is to be honest.

It is proper for all to remember that they ought not to raise an expectation which it is not in their power to satisfy.

Employ your time well, if you mean to gain leisure; and, since you are not sure of a minute, throw not away an hour.

The plainer the dress, with greater lustre does beauty appear. Virtue is the greatest ornament, and good sense the best equipage.

Nothing can atone for the want of modesty and innocence; without which, beauty is ungraceful and quality contemptible.

The kindnesses of a friend lie deep; and whether present or absent, as occasion serves, he is solicitous about our concerns.

Work while it is called to-day, for you know not how much you may be hindered to-morrow. One to-day is worth two to-morrows.

Good nature is the very air of a good mind, the sign of a large and generous soul, and the peculiar soil in which virtue prospers.

Think before you speak, and consider before you promise. Take time to deliberate and advise; but lose no time in executing your resolutions.

The greatest wisdom of speech is to know when, and what, and where to speak-the time, matter, manner; the next to it is silence.

All men of estates are, in effect, but trustees for the benefit of the distressed, and will be so reckoned when they are to give an account.

A man may have a thousand intimate acquaintances, and not a friend among them all. If you have one friend, think yourself happy.

In marriage, prefer the person before wealth, virtue before beauty, and the mind before the body; then you have a wife, a friend and a companion.

An inviolable fidelity, good humor and complacency of temper, in a wife, outlive all the charms of a fine face, and make the decays of it invisible.

A firm faith is the best divinity; a good life is the best philosophy; a clear conscience the best law; honesty the best policy; and temperance the best physic.

Useful knowledge can have no enemies, except the ignorant; it cherishes youth, delights the aged, is an ornament in prosperity, and yields comfort in adversity.

No character is more glorious, none more attractive of universal admiration and respect, than that of helping those who are in no condition of helping themselves.

Let not your zeal for a cause push you into a hazardous engagement. Set bounds to your zeal by discretion, to error by truth, to passion by reason, to divisions by charity.

Those men who destroy a healthful constitution of body by intemperance and an irregular life do as manifestly kill themselves as those who hang or poison or drown themselves.

Nothing can be more unjust or ungenerous than to play upon the belief of a harmless person; to make him suffer for his good opinion, and fare the worse for thinking me an honest

man.

Marriage should be considered as the most solemn league of perpetual friendship; a state from which artifice and concealment are to be banished for ever, and in which every act of dissimulation is a breach of faith.

As the blade of wheat whilst ungrown and empty holds itself proudly up, but so soon as the ear is filled with grain bends humbly down, so is real wisdom and worth modest and unassuming, whilst ignorance and folly is forward and presuming.

There is scarce any lot so low but there is something in it to satisfy the man whom it has befallen, Providence having so ordered things that in every man's cup, how bitter soever, there are some cordial drops, which, if wisely extracted, are sufficient to make him contented.

There is far more satisfaction in doing than receiving good. To relieve the oppressed is the most glorious act a man is capable of; it is, in some measure, doing the business of God and Providence, and is attended with a heavenly pleasure unknown but to those that are beneficent and liberal.

All other creatures but man look to the earth, and even that is no unfit object, no unfit contemplatic plation for man, for thither he must come; but because man is not to stay there, as other creatures are, man in his natural form is carried to the contemplation of that place which is his natural home, heaven.

Countries.

Argentine Rep.

Austria.....

Belgium..

Bolivia..
Brazil.

......

Central America...
Chili....
China

Colombia.

Costa Rica..

Denmark

France.....

Germany.

Great Britain...
Greece..
Guatemala.....
Hawaiian Islands..

Hayti..

Italy.

Japan

Liberia..

Mexico...
Netherlands..

Paraguay.
Peru.....

Portugal.

Russia

Spain.......

DIPLOMATIC INTERCOURSE, 1877-8.

United States Ministers abroad. App.

Foreign Ministers to the United States.

App.

1869

1875

1873

THOMAS O. OSBORN, Ill.......
John A. Kasson, Iowa
Ayres P. Merrill, Miss.....
No Representative..
HENRY W. HILLIARD, Ga.....
George Williamson, La.
THOMAS A. OSBORN, Kan.....
GEORGE F. SEWARD..
No Representative.
(See Central America)..
M. J. Cramer, Ky....
EDWARD F. NOYES, O.
No Representative..
JOHN WELSH, Ра..
7. Meredith Read, N. Y.
(See Central America).
James M. Comly, O.
John M. Langston, D. C..
GEORGE P. MARSH, Vt...
JOHN A. BINGHAM, O...
J. Milton Turner, Mo....
JOHN W. FOSTER, Ind....
James Birney, Mich...
John C. Caldwell, La...
RICHARD GIBBS, N. Y.
Benjamin Moran, Pa......
ED. W. STOUGHTON, N. Y...
J. RUSSELL LOWELL, Mass...

Sweden & Norway John L. Stevens, Me..........

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1877 SEÑOR DON M. RAFAEL GARCIA....
1877 COUNT LADISLAS HOvos....
1876 Mr. Maurice Delfosse.....

No Representative.

1877 COUNCILLORA. P. DECARVALHO BORGES 1871 1873 No Representative.

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