Fundamentals of Statistical Thermodynamics

absolute zero according to Eq assume atoms behavior Boltzmann statistics Bose-Einstein statistics cal/mole Calculate Chapter chemical chemical equilibrium classical thermodynamics component consider contribution corrected Boltzmann statistics degeneracy determine diatomic molecule differential equation discussed distribution equation electronic level energy levels ensemble entropy equal equilibrium distribution evaluated example expression Fermi-Dirac statistics frequency Gibbs function given by Eq harmonic oscillator hydrogen ideal gas independent particles integral internal energy irreversible mass mixture modes molecular monatomic monatomic ideal gas N₁ number of particles potential energy probable distribution problem quantity quantum mechanics quantum number reaction relation result rigid rotator Schrödinger wave equation Section shown in Figure simple internal model specific heat substance substitute Eq summation symbol tank theory thermodynamic probability thermodynamic properties total number translational velocity virial coefficient volume wave function x-direction ат