Polymer FractionationFractionation of polymers via solubility has been a well known method in polymer characterization for a long time. The original object of analytical fractionations, the determination of the molecular weight distribution, is nowadays achieved more efficiently and conveniently by chromatographic methods. However, fractionation procedures, which were developed in great diversity, remain up~to-date and essential for obtaining preparative fractions with narrow distributions. Such fractions are wanted increasingly for the investigation of true structure-property relationships which are mostly influ~ enced by distributions of molecular weight or other parameters such as branching or chemical composition. Literature on the field of polymer fractionation is extensive and several reviews exist. However, there is a lack of systematically methodical instruc tions for carrying-out of diverse fractionation procedures. This volume repre sents an attempt to reduce this deficiency and is focussed on practical aspects of fractionation procedures. This laboratory manual is intended for polymer chemists, physicists, and technicians, for students of polymer science, and skilled laboratory assistants, all of whom are not dealing directly with fractionation but are in need of fractions to carry out further investigations. |
Contents
References | 5 |
References | 18 |
2 | 24 |
7 | 29 |
1 | 39 |
4 | 52 |
6 | 63 |
3 | 73 |
5 | 114 |
References | 120 |
References | 129 |
References | 136 |
Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation | 137 |
References | 144 |
References | 175 |
References | 182 |
6 | 83 |
Continuous Polymer Fractionation of Polyisobutylene | 101 |
2 | 107 |
Outlook | 184 |
Table A6 Tung distribution | 199 |
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Common terms and phrases
according to Eq acetate acetone analytical ation butanone Cantow MJR chromatography cloud-point coacervate coacervate extraction column extraction composition conjugated phases constant temperature cooling copolymer counter-current curve cyclohexane degasser depends dichloromethane distribution function dropping funnel elution Equipment ethyl acetate extracting agent extraction fractionation flow rate fractionation according fractionation efficiency fractionation flask fractionation procedures fractionation step fractionation temperature g polymer gel phase Glöckner G homopolymers liquid Makromol Chem mass of polymer methanol mixing vessel molecules necessary nonsolvent addition parameters partition fractionation phase separation Polym Sci polymer concentration polymer fraction polymer mass polymer solution possible Preparatory Investigations re-dissolution re-precipitation reflux condenser sample shown in Fig siloxane sol and gel sol fraction sol phase solubility solvent and nonsolvent solvent/nonsolvent mixture Soxhlet Soxhlet extraction starting polymer stepwise stirrer stirring Table thermostat tion toluene TREF Tung LH turbidimetric titration turbidity upward precipitation fractionation vacuum values variants