hopes of their promoters. It was not till this system came into full operation, that Trinity College could be said to have resumed the station which it originally held among the establishments of this kingdom. Since that period its history is comprised in the record of academical rewards adjudged to its students, and of the distinctions which they have subsequently obtained in the different professions, in the paths of learning and science, and in the great theatre of public life."

The general examination of all the students of the first, second and third year, takes place immediately after the division of the Easter term: there is also an examination of the students of the second year at the end of the Michaelmas term, which was instituted in 1843 by Dr Whewell, the present master, and the seniors. Those who obtain a place in the first class at each of these examinations, receive a prize of books, which is publicly bestowed in the college-hall on the day of the commemoration of the benefactors of the College.

The amount annually distributed in prizes and rewards for the encouragement of learning is £293.

An annual prize has been instituted by the College, for the best English Essay by a senior soph, on a given literary, moral, or antiquarian subject.

Three prizes are yearly given by the College for the best compositions in Latin verse, in Lyrical, Heroic, and Elegiac metres: one subject is proposed at the beginning of each term, and a prize is awarded to the author of the best exercise on each subject. An additional prize is awarded if there be a second exercise of especial merit in any of the subjects.

Two prizes of books, one of the value of £4 and another of £2, are awarded every year at the discretion of the senior dean to two scholars, the best readers of the lessons in chapel.

The Ecclesiastical Patronage of the College consists of the right of presentation to fifty-two Church-livings: the scholastic, of the appointment of the masters to four grammar-schools.

The gross revenue of the College, as reported to the Commissioners in 1851, was £34,521. 19s. 10d.

EMMANUEL COLLEGE.

FOUNDED 1584, A.D.

Αἰὲν ἀριστεύειν.

THE Right Honourable Sir Walter Mildmay, Knight, chancellor of the exchequer, and privy councillor to Queen Elizabeth, out of his pious care for the advancement of literature, and for the maintenance of the true Protestant religion against Popery, and all other heresies whatsoever, founded this College* to be a nursery of divines, and endowed it with a considerable annual revenue.

The College is founded on the site of an old monastery of Dominican, or preaching friarst, which was endowed by the Lady Alice, Countess of Oxford, in 1250, and certified to stand on eight acres, the exact space which the College now covers. On the suppression of monasteries by King Henry VIII., the buildings passed into private hands, and were afterwards purchased by Sir Walter Mildmay, who having obtained a charter of incorporation from Queen Elizabeth, founded Emmanuel College in this place, to the glory of God, A. D. 1584, and placed in it at first one Master, three Fellows, and four Scholars, besides inferior officers.

Walter Mildmay was formerly a serious student of Christ's College, where he founded a Hebrew lectureship. He was under Laurence Chaderton, then tutor and fellow; and a strong

* It was customary with the Puritans about 1584, when the College was founded, to begin their familiar letters with the word "Emmanuel "--" God with us:" and this was the case with many known to be intimate with the founder. Some of them begin—“ Our Father which art," &c. Many are directed to " Our Father in God"--but by far the greater number have "Emmanuel." It was their watch-word. The founder therefore intending his College for a nursery of the principles of the Reformation, was led to give it this name.

+ There are extant Letters Patent dated the third year of Edward IV. which contain a grant from His Majesty's exchequer of 25 marks yearly to the Prior and Convent of the Frere Prechours in the University of Cainbridge. This coming to the knowledge of Sir Walter Mildmay, emboldened him to sue for the renewal of it from Queen Elizabeth in favour of his new College, in which he succeeded. The payment of £16. 138. 4d. is continued to the present time from the Exchequer, and an acquittal is signed on its receipt by the bursar of the College, as the representative of the late brotherhood of preaching friars.

friendship seems to have been formed between them. The plan of a new College had been formed by them, and Dr Dillingham states in his life of Chaderton, that on the latter once demurring to accept the appointment of master, Mildmay said, "If you will not agree to be master, I will never be founder." Di Chaderton became the first master of Emmanuel College, and was one of the translators of King James's Bible. He resigned the mastership in 1622, and died in the College in 1640, at the age of 103 years.

Sir Walter Mildmay was one of that circle of distinguished men who used to assemble with Mr Roger Ascham, at the house of the Lord Treasurer Burleigh. He was a friend to literature and science, and a man of integrity and independence of spirit, who toward the end of his days fell into the disfavour of Queen Elizabeth, not by his own demerit, but by the envy of his adversaries. It has been remarked of him, "that being employed by virtue of his high office to advance the Queen's treasure, he did it industriously, faithfully and conscionably, without wronging the subject, being very tender of their privileges; insomuch that he complained in Parliament, that many subsidies were granted in Parliament, yet no grievances redressed: which words being represented to the Queen, made her to disaffect him, setting in a court-cloud, but (as he goeth on) in the sunshine of his country, and a clear conscience." Coming to court after he had founded his College, the Queen told him, “Sir Walter, I hear you have erected a Puritan foundation.” "No, Madam," saith he; "far be it from me to countenance anything contrary to your established laws; but I have set an acorn, which when it becomes an oak, God alone knows what will be the fruit thereof." "Sure I am," adds Fuller, "at this day it hath overshadowed all the University, more than a moiety of the present masters being bred therein.”

Lady Grace Mildmay, wife of Sir Anthony Mildmay, brother of the founder, gave a rent-charge for four Exhibitions, of £2 each per annum.

1587. The Rev. Robert Johnson, archdeacon of Leicester, founded four Exhibitions, with a preference to the " sons of godly ministers" in the first place; and secondly, to students

from the grammar-schools of Oakham and Uppingham, before any others; and to be tenable for four years, and no longer. They are to be chosen by the master and four senior fellows. The annual value of each of these scholarships is £24. The annual income of this foundation, issuing out of the estate, is £104. 7s. 6d.

1592. Sir Wolston Dixie, Knt. alderman of the city of London, founded two Bye-fellowships and two Scholarships. He bequeathed £600 to the College, to purchase lands of the clear annual value of £30 for this purpose, and placed the nominations to them in the Worshipful Company of Skinners in London.

After an estate had been purchased, the Skinners' Company refused the trust; but by a decree of the Court of Chancery in the reign of James I., the nomination was given to the founder's heirs, and an indenture made in the same reign confirmed this decree.

After much litigation, a new decree was issued in 1700, by which the fellowships were to be increased each to £30, and the scholarships each to £10 a year; and when the funds admit, two new scholarships are to be founded each of £10 a year, and then the entire surplus is to be applied to the purchase of advowsons, to which a Dixie fellow, if qualified, is to be nominated, then one of the foundation fellows, and so on alternately.

Candidates for these scholarships and fellowships must be related to the founder, or have been educated at Market Bosworth School, and the College has no power to refuse the nomination, provided the nominee possess the requisite qualifications. The scholars at their admission must promise to study divinity, and the fellows must enter holy orders.

The annual value of the estate on an average of the last seven years ending 1851 was £417. 2s. 6d.

At present there are four Scholarships and two Fellowships on the Dixie foundation.

1618. William Branthwaite, D.D. one of the first fellows of the College, and afterwards master of Gonville and Caius College, left by will property to found two exhibitions of the value of £5 each annually, for students from the grammarschool at Norwich.

1629. Dame Rebecca Romney gave the master and wardens of the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers the sum of £1200 for various uses, stated in an indenture, one of which was, that the master and wardens should pay £24 a year to four poor scholars, two of Emmanuel College, and two of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, likely to become good scholars, and to take upon them the study of divinity, such and for so long a time as the master and wardens of the Company should from time to time nominate and appoint, to each £6 a year, payable half-yearly at Lady-day and Michaelmas.

The value of these exhibitions has been doubled by the Company, and they are now £12 each per annum.

1631. Mr Hobbs gave a payment, arising from the residue of rent of lands, for two poor Scholars, who are to receive each £2 per annum.

1634. There were maintained in this College one master, fourteen fellows, fifty scholars, ten poor scholars, besides officers and servants of the foundation, with other students, the whole number being 310.

1649. Mr Walter Richards left property, subject to the life of his wife, to found two Exhibitions, tenable for seven years, with a preference to students from Christ's Hospital. The value of each of these exhibitions was formerly £6, it is now £12 per annum. These exhibitioners have an allowance of £4 towards the fees on admission to the degree of of B.A. and £6 on their admission to the degree of M.A.

By the express will of the donor, these exhibitions may be held for five years after the degree of M.A. together with a fellowship.

1654. Mr Francis Ash, citizen of London, gave a benefaction to found ten scholarships of £10 each, tenable till M.A. with a preference, first, to his own kin, and secondly, to students from the grammar-schools of Derby and Ashby-dela-Zouch. The scholars are to be in such circumstances as their friends are not able to maintain them at College without some assistance, and they must be designed for the ministry. In default of such, an after preference is given to the sons of clergymen. The payments arise from an estate, the annual