The Nature and Properties of Engineering Materials

alloy alpha aluminum amorphous angle Atomic weight beta Burgers vector Calculate carbon changes chemical cm³ coefficient components composition compounds concentration cooling curves copper corresponding covalent bond crystal crystalline cubic decreases density diffusion dipole edge dislocation elastic electronegative electrons elements equal Equation equilibrium diagram eutectic temperature FIGURE forces formation free energy freezing friction g/cm³ glass grain boundaries groups H H H heat ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM impurities increases interaction intermolecular intermolecular forces interstitial ionic ions lattice constant layer length lever rule liquid material maximum melting point metals microstructure modulus molecular weight number of atoms occurs packing particles phase polymer polymer chain potential energy properties quantum number radii radius ratio repeat units result room temperature screw dislocation shear stress shown in Fig slip plane solid solution solidified solidus solubility strain structure tetrahedra thermal transition unit cell vacancies valency viscosity volume α α α