Statistical Physics

becomes body brium chemical equilibrium chemical potential closed system coefficient consider const constant temperature corresponding critical Curie point critical line critical point crystal denote determined diagram differential entropy equation equili equilibrium condition equilibrium surface evidently expression external field fluctuation formula gases Gibbs distribution Gibbs free energy given Helmholtz free energy identical increase integration intersection kT log latent heat lattice points line of Curie liquid macroscopic maximum mean value mechanical equilibrium minimum number of molecules number of particles obtain p₁ p₂ perfect gas phase equilibrium curve phase separation phase space pressure and temperature probability pure components pure solvent reaction region respect saturated vapour shown in Fig solid solution solvent species specific heat statistical equilibrium substance Substituting subsystem symmetry T₁ temperature and pressure three phases tion total number transition triple point V₁ v₂ variables velocities volume zero др