Physical Chemistry and Its Biological ApplicationsPhysical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications presents the basic principles of physical chemistry and shows how the methods of physical chemistry are being applied to increase understanding of living systems. Chapters 1 and 2 of the book discuss states of matter and solutions of nonelectrolytes. Chapters 3 to 5 examine laws in thermodynamics and solutions of electrolytes. Chapters 6 to 8 look at acid-base equilibria and the link between electromagnetic radiation and the structure of atoms. Chapters 9 to 11 cover different types of bonding, the rates of chemical reactions, and the process of adsorption. Chapters 12 to 14 present molecular aggregates, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photochemistry, and radiation. This book is useful to biological scientists for self-study and reference. With modest additions of mathematical material by the teacher, the book should also be suitable for a full-year major's course in physical chemistry. |
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Page viii
6-1 Bronsted-Lowry Concept of Acids and Bases 181 6-2 Aqueous Solution and the pH Scale 183 6-3 Weak Electrolyte Equilibria 183 6-4 Equilibria Involving Several Solutes 188 6—5 6-6 6—7 Characterization of Acid—Base Functional Groups 194 ...
6-1 Bronsted-Lowry Concept of Acids and Bases 181 6-2 Aqueous Solution and the pH Scale 183 6-3 Weak Electrolyte Equilibria 183 6-4 Equilibria Involving Several Solutes 188 6—5 6-6 6—7 Characterization of Acid—Base Functional Groups 194 ...
Page 32
Other molecules that can act as both donors and acceptors of hydrogens include water, carboxylic acids, ... An example is maleic acid, in which x-ray diffraction studies of the crystal indicate that oxygen atoms from the two carboxyl ...
Other molecules that can act as both donors and acceptors of hydrogens include water, carboxylic acids, ... An example is maleic acid, in which x-ray diffraction studies of the crystal indicate that oxygen atoms from the two carboxyl ...
Page 36
A few values smaller than normal for Trouton's constant are also found, an example being that for acetic acid. For this substance, other experimental evidence indicates that the vapor exists mostly in the form of hydrogen-bonded dimers, ...
A few values smaller than normal for Trouton's constant are also found, an example being that for acetic acid. For this substance, other experimental evidence indicates that the vapor exists mostly in the form of hydrogen-bonded dimers, ...
Page 60
... (°C) azeotrope azeotrope (°C) Water Hydrogen chloride 100.0 ~83.7 20.2 110 Water Nitric acid 100.0 86 68 120.5 Chloroform Methyl acetate 61.2 57.1 23 64.8 Acetic acid Pyridine 118.1 115.3 65 139.7 Benzene Methyl alcohol 80.2 64.7 40 ...
... (°C) azeotrope azeotrope (°C) Water Hydrogen chloride 100.0 ~83.7 20.2 110 Water Nitric acid 100.0 86 68 120.5 Chloroform Methyl acetate 61.2 57.1 23 64.8 Acetic acid Pyridine 118.1 115.3 65 139.7 Benzene Methyl alcohol 80.2 64.7 40 ...
Page 71
... Mercuric chloride Benzene Water 12 Caffeine Chloroform Water 14 Caffeine Water Ethyl ether 7.2 Acetylsalicylic acid Water Ethyl ether 4.7 Acetylsalicylic acid Xylene Water 4.2 bility in the organic solvent is greater than in water.
... Mercuric chloride Benzene Water 12 Caffeine Chloroform Water 14 Caffeine Water Ethyl ether 7.2 Acetylsalicylic acid Water Ethyl ether 4.7 Acetylsalicylic acid Xylene Water 4.2 bility in the organic solvent is greater than in water.
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Contents
1 | |
51 | |
89 | |
SECOND LAW AND EQUILIBRIUM | 115 |
CHAPTER 5 SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES | 152 |
CHAPTER 6 ACIDBASE EQUILIBRIA | 181 |
CHAPTER 7 OXIDATIONREDUCTION EQUILIBRIA | 213 |
CHAPTER 8 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS | 244 |
CHAPTER 10 KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS | 338 |
CHAPTER 11 ADSORPTION AND SURFACE EFFECTS | 403 |
CHAPTER 12 MACROMOLECULES AND MOLECULAR AGGREGATES | 436 |
CHAPTER 13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY | 494 |
CHAPTER 14 PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND RADIATION CHEMISTRY | 536 |
Table of Symbols and Abbreviations | 581 |
Index | 583 |
CHAPTER 9 BONDING AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY | 288 |
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absorption acid activity adsorbed adsorption amino amount applied benzene bond Calculate carbon carboxyl cell chain charge Chem chemical chemical shift chloride coefficient colligative properties complex components concentration corresponding curve defined described diagram dissociation effect electric electrolyte electron energy change enthalpy entropy enzyme equal equation equilibrium constant example film first flow force fraction free energy frequency function heat hydrogen atom hydrogen ion increase ionic ionization kcal kinetic liquid magnetic field material measured membrane mixture molar mole mole fraction molecules nucleus occurs orbital osmotic pressure oxidation oxygen particles phase polar potential protein proton quantum number radiation rate constant ratio reactant reaction resonance rotation sample shown in Figure significant sodium solid solubility solvent species specific spectra spectrum spin structure substrate sucrose surface tension temperature tion titration transition triplet vapor pressure velocity vibrational volume wave wavelength zero