Physical Chemistry and Its Biological ApplicationsPhysical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications presents the basic principles of physical chemistry and shows how the methods of physical chemistry are being applied to increase understanding of living systems. Chapters 1 and 2 of the book discuss states of matter and solutions of nonelectrolytes. Chapters 3 to 5 examine laws in thermodynamics and solutions of electrolytes. Chapters 6 to 8 look at acid-base equilibria and the link between electromagnetic radiation and the structure of atoms. Chapters 9 to 11 cover different types of bonding, the rates of chemical reactions, and the process of adsorption. Chapters 12 to 14 present molecular aggregates, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photochemistry, and radiation. This book is useful to biological scientists for self-study and reference. With modest additions of mathematical material by the teacher, the book should also be suitable for a full-year major's course in physical chemistry. |
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Page 24
Coulomb's equation, which describes the force between charges q1 and q,, is. F. I. 112. (180). Dr2 where r is the distance between the two charges and D is the dielectric constant, a property of the medium separating the charges.
Coulomb's equation, which describes the force between charges q1 and q,, is. F. I. 112. (180). Dr2 where r is the distance between the two charges and D is the dielectric constant, a property of the medium separating the charges.
Page 25
For example, if two particles bearing opposite electric charges are allowed to approach one another, ... In describing the energy of a system of neighboring charged particles, it is customary to take as the zero point the energy the ...
For example, if two particles bearing opposite electric charges are allowed to approach one another, ... In describing the energy of a system of neighboring charged particles, it is customary to take as the zero point the energy the ...
Page 26
The magnitude of the permanent separation of charge in a molecule can be expressed by a quantity known as the dipole moment; this is defined as the product of the amount of charge separated and the dis— tance of separation.
The magnitude of the permanent separation of charge in a molecule can be expressed by a quantity known as the dipole moment; this is defined as the product of the amount of charge separated and the dis— tance of separation.
Page 27
When two particles having permanent dipoles approach one another with appropriate orientation, either end to end or side to side, the attraction of unlike charges, which are nearer one another, predominates over the repulsion of like ...
When two particles having permanent dipoles approach one another with appropriate orientation, either end to end or side to side, the attraction of unlike charges, which are nearer one another, predominates over the repulsion of like ...
Page 28
In the absence of information about the distance between the centers of positive and negative charge in the dipole, the dipole is usually assumed to be located at a point. The equation that results for the interaction energy is 2 ...
In the absence of information about the distance between the centers of positive and negative charge in the dipole, the dipole is usually assumed to be located at a point. The equation that results for the interaction energy is 2 ...
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Contents
1 | |
51 | |
89 | |
SECOND LAW AND EQUILIBRIUM | 115 |
CHAPTER 5 SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES | 152 |
CHAPTER 6 ACIDBASE EQUILIBRIA | 181 |
CHAPTER 7 OXIDATIONREDUCTION EQUILIBRIA | 213 |
CHAPTER 8 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS | 244 |
CHAPTER 10 KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS | 338 |
CHAPTER 11 ADSORPTION AND SURFACE EFFECTS | 403 |
CHAPTER 12 MACROMOLECULES AND MOLECULAR AGGREGATES | 436 |
CHAPTER 13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY | 494 |
CHAPTER 14 PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND RADIATION CHEMISTRY | 536 |
Table of Symbols and Abbreviations | 581 |
Index | 583 |
CHAPTER 9 BONDING AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY | 288 |
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absorption acid activity adsorbed adsorption amino amount applied benzene bond Calculate carbon carboxyl cell chain charge Chem chemical chemical shift chloride coefficient colligative properties complex components concentration corresponding curve defined described diagram dissociation effect electric electrolyte electron energy change enthalpy entropy enzyme equal equation equilibrium constant example film first flow force fraction free energy frequency function heat hydrogen atom hydrogen ion increase ionic ionization kcal kinetic liquid magnetic field material measured membrane mixture molar mole mole fraction molecules nucleus occurs orbital osmotic pressure oxidation oxygen particles phase polar potential protein proton quantum number radiation rate constant ratio reactant reaction resonance rotation sample shown in Figure significant sodium solid solubility solvent species specific spectra spectrum spin structure substrate sucrose surface tension temperature tion titration transition triplet vapor pressure velocity vibrational volume wave wavelength zero