Physical Chemistry and Its Biological ApplicationsPhysical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications presents the basic principles of physical chemistry and shows how the methods of physical chemistry are being applied to increase understanding of living systems. Chapters 1 and 2 of the book discuss states of matter and solutions of nonelectrolytes. Chapters 3 to 5 examine laws in thermodynamics and solutions of electrolytes. Chapters 6 to 8 look at acid-base equilibria and the link between electromagnetic radiation and the structure of atoms. Chapters 9 to 11 cover different types of bonding, the rates of chemical reactions, and the process of adsorption. Chapters 12 to 14 present molecular aggregates, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photochemistry, and radiation. This book is useful to biological scientists for self-study and reference. With modest additions of mathematical material by the teacher, the book should also be suitable for a full-year major's course in physical chemistry. |
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Page 24
... charge of one sign than to the charge of the other sign and thus feel predominantly the effect of the nearer charge. Let us first examine the law of forces between two electric charges. Coulomb's equation, which describes the force ...
... charge of one sign than to the charge of the other sign and thus feel predominantly the effect of the nearer charge. Let us first examine the law of forces between two electric charges. Coulomb's equation, which describes the force ...
Page 25
... charge, it can be polarized; that is, there can be a separation of charge within the molecule. In this situation, the center of gravity of the negative charges carried by the electrons in a molecule is not at the location of the center ...
... charge, it can be polarized; that is, there can be a separation of charge within the molecule. In this situation, the center of gravity of the negative charges carried by the electrons in a molecule is not at the location of the center ...
Page 26
... charge separated and the dis— tance of separation. Since the charge on an electron is of the order of 10'10 electrostatic units (esu) and the distance between atoms is of the order of 10*8 cm, the unit of dipole moments is conveniently ...
... charge separated and the dis— tance of separation. Since the charge on an electron is of the order of 10'10 electrostatic units (esu) and the distance between atoms is of the order of 10*8 cm, the unit of dipole moments is conveniently ...
Page 27
... charges, which are nearer one another, predominates over the repulsion of like charges, which are farther apart: A . . . . B + A....B A....B + —+ These arrangements are preferred in a dipolar liquid, such as. 1-8 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES 27.
... charges, which are nearer one another, predominates over the repulsion of like charges, which are farther apart: A . . . . B + A....B A....B + —+ These arrangements are preferred in a dipolar liquid, such as. 1-8 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES 27.
Page 28
... charge in the dipole, the dipole is usually assumed to be located at a point. The equation that results for the interaction energy is 2 P'iszzz — — —— 1-33 3kT r126 ( ) where p, and [1.2 are the two dipole moments, r12 is the distance ...
... charge in the dipole, the dipole is usually assumed to be located at a point. The equation that results for the interaction energy is 2 P'iszzz — — —— 1-33 3kT r126 ( ) where p, and [1.2 are the two dipole moments, r12 is the distance ...
Contents
1 | |
51 | |
89 | |
SECOND LAW AND EQUILIBRIUM | 115 |
CHAPTER 5 SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES | 152 |
CHAPTER 6 ACIDBASE EQUILIBRIA | 181 |
CHAPTER 7 OXIDATIONREDUCTION EQUILIBRIA | 213 |
CHAPTER 8 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS | 244 |
CHAPTER 10 KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS | 338 |
CHAPTER 11 ADSORPTION AND SURFACE EFFECTS | 403 |
CHAPTER 12 MACROMOLECULES AND MOLECULAR AGGREGATES | 436 |
CHAPTER 13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY | 494 |
CHAPTER 14 PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND RADIATION CHEMISTRY | 536 |
Table of Symbols and Abbreviations | 581 |
Index | 583 |
CHAPTER 9 BONDING AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY | 288 |
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absorption acid activity adsorbed adsorption amino amount applied benzene bond Calculate carbon carboxyl cell chain charge Chem chemical chemical shift chloride coefficient colligative properties complex components concentration corresponding curve defined described diagram dissociation effect electric electrolyte electron energy change enthalpy entropy enzyme equal equation equilibrium constant example film first flow force fraction free energy frequency function heat hydrogen atom hydrogen ion increase ionic ionization kcal kinetic liquid magnetic field material measured membrane mixture molar mole mole fraction molecules nucleus occurs orbital osmotic pressure oxidation oxygen particles phase polar potential protein proton quantum number radiation rate constant ratio reactant reaction resonance rotation sample shown in Figure significant sodium solid solubility solvent species specific spectra spectrum spin structure substrate sucrose surface tension temperature tion titration transition triplet vapor pressure velocity vibrational volume wave wavelength zero