Physical Chemistry and Its Biological ApplicationsPhysical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications presents the basic principles of physical chemistry and shows how the methods of physical chemistry are being applied to increase understanding of living systems. Chapters 1 and 2 of the book discuss states of matter and solutions of nonelectrolytes. Chapters 3 to 5 examine laws in thermodynamics and solutions of electrolytes. Chapters 6 to 8 look at acid-base equilibria and the link between electromagnetic radiation and the structure of atoms. Chapters 9 to 11 cover different types of bonding, the rates of chemical reactions, and the process of adsorption. Chapters 12 to 14 present molecular aggregates, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photochemistry, and radiation. This book is useful to biological scientists for self-study and reference. With modest additions of mathematical material by the teacher, the book should also be suitable for a full-year major's course in physical chemistry. |
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Page 89
The subject of thermodynamics—literally, “movement of heat”—deals with energy
in its various forms, which include thermal, chemical, electrical, and mechanical,
with the restrictions on the transformation of one type of energy into other types, ...
The subject of thermodynamics—literally, “movement of heat”—deals with energy
in its various forms, which include thermal, chemical, electrical, and mechanical,
with the restrictions on the transformation of one type of energy into other types, ...
Page 92
Electrical work can be converted into heat by allowing current to flow through a
resistance, and mechanical work can drive a stirrer in a liquid, raising the
temperature of the liquid by frictiongenerated heat. The quantities of work and
heat ...
Electrical work can be converted into heat by allowing current to flow through a
resistance, and mechanical work can drive a stirrer in a liquid, raising the
temperature of the liquid by frictiongenerated heat. The quantities of work and
heat ...
Page 97
For an isothermal change of an ideal gas, the heat absorbed is equal to minus
the work done, as stated in Equation (3-12). Consequently Equations (3-14) and (
3-15) also give expressions for qrev, the particular value of the heat absorbed ...
For an isothermal change of an ideal gas, the heat absorbed is equal to minus
the work done, as stated in Equation (3-12). Consequently Equations (3-14) and (
3-15) also give expressions for qrev, the particular value of the heat absorbed ...
Page 98
The specific heat capacity, which is the value for 1 g of a substance, and the
molar heat capacity, equal to the specific heat capacity multiplied by the
molecular weight, are both intensive properties, which means that they have
values ...
The specific heat capacity, which is the value for 1 g of a substance, and the
molar heat capacity, equal to the specific heat capacity multiplied by the
molecular weight, are both intensive properties, which means that they have
values ...
Page 100
The experimental results for the heat capacities at constant volume for diatomic
molecules are thus about 5 cal / (mol deg). Nonlinear molecules, such as water,
can rotate about any or all of three mutually perpendicular axes, these axes, too,
...
The experimental results for the heat capacities at constant volume for diatomic
molecules are thus about 5 cal / (mol deg). Nonlinear molecules, such as water,
can rotate about any or all of three mutually perpendicular axes, these axes, too,
...
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Contents
1 | |
51 | |
89 | |
SECOND LAW AND EQUILIBRIUM | 115 |
CHAPTER 5 SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES | 152 |
CHAPTER 6 ACIDBASE EQUILIBRIA | 181 |
CHAPTER 7 OXIDATIONREDUCTION EQUILIBRIA | 213 |
CHAPTER 8 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS | 244 |
CHAPTER 10 KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS | 338 |
CHAPTER 11 ADSORPTION AND SURFACE EFFECTS | 403 |
CHAPTER 12 MACROMOLECULES AND MOLECULAR AGGREGATES | 436 |
CHAPTER 13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY | 494 |
CHAPTER 14 PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND RADIATION CHEMISTRY | 536 |
Table of Symbols and Abbreviations | 581 |
Index | 583 |
CHAPTER 9 BONDING AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY | 288 |
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Common terms and phrases
absorption acid activity adsorbed adsorption amino amount applied benzene bond Calculate carbon carboxyl cell chain charge Chem chemical chemical shift chloride coefficient colligative properties complex components concentration corresponding curve defined described diagram dissociation effect electric electrolyte electron energy change enthalpy entropy enzyme equal equation equilibrium constant example film first flow force fraction free energy frequency function heat hydrogen atom hydrogen ion increase ionic ionization kcal kinetic liquid magnetic field material measured membrane mixture molar mole mole fraction molecules nucleus occurs orbital osmotic pressure oxidation oxygen particles phase polar potential protein proton quantum number radiation rate constant ratio reactant reaction resonance rotation sample shown in Figure significant sodium solid solubility solvent species specific spectra spectrum spin structure substrate sucrose surface tension temperature tion titration transition triplet vapor pressure velocity vibrational volume wave wavelength zero