Physical Chemistry and Its Biological ApplicationsPhysical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications presents the basic principles of physical chemistry and shows how the methods of physical chemistry are being applied to increase understanding of living systems. Chapters 1 and 2 of the book discuss states of matter and solutions of nonelectrolytes. Chapters 3 to 5 examine laws in thermodynamics and solutions of electrolytes. Chapters 6 to 8 look at acid-base equilibria and the link between electromagnetic radiation and the structure of atoms. Chapters 9 to 11 cover different types of bonding, the rates of chemical reactions, and the process of adsorption. Chapters 12 to 14 present molecular aggregates, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photochemistry, and radiation. This book is useful to biological scientists for self-study and reference. With modest additions of mathematical material by the teacher, the book should also be suitable for a full-year major's course in physical chemistry. |
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Page 1
The differences we observe in the characteristics of the three states of matter—gas, liquid, and solid—depend upon the variation in the condition of aggregation of the molecules of which the matter is composed.
The differences we observe in the characteristics of the three states of matter—gas, liquid, and solid—depend upon the variation in the condition of aggregation of the molecules of which the matter is composed.
Page 2
formed by neighboring molecules, is a comparatively unusual event. A crystalline solid is characterized by a relatively high degree of order in the arrangement of the atoms, ions, or molecules of which it is composed.
formed by neighboring molecules, is a comparatively unusual event. A crystalline solid is characterized by a relatively high degree of order in the arrangement of the atoms, ions, or molecules of which it is composed.
Page 3
Eventually the amount of energy added will be sufficient to disrupt the solid structure, leading to fusion or melting to a liquid and permitting the molecules to move away from their localized positions. A further increase in the ...
Eventually the amount of energy added will be sufficient to disrupt the solid structure, leading to fusion or melting to a liquid and permitting the molecules to move away from their localized positions. A further increase in the ...
Page 11
The average kinetic energy of all the molecules in a sample of gas is proportional to the absolute temperature; ... (2) In the course of a large number of collisions, kinetic energy can be transferred from molecule to molecule, ...
The average kinetic energy of all the molecules in a sample of gas is proportional to the absolute temperature; ... (2) In the course of a large number of collisions, kinetic energy can be transferred from molecule to molecule, ...
Page 12
(2) The molecules exert no forces of attraction upon one another. This is a good approximation when they are mostly far apart from one another, for the attractive forces drop off rapidly with distance, but it is invalid under the same ...
(2) The molecules exert no forces of attraction upon one another. This is a good approximation when they are mostly far apart from one another, for the attractive forces drop off rapidly with distance, but it is invalid under the same ...
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Contents
1 | |
51 | |
89 | |
SECOND LAW AND EQUILIBRIUM | 115 |
CHAPTER 5 SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES | 152 |
CHAPTER 6 ACIDBASE EQUILIBRIA | 181 |
CHAPTER 7 OXIDATIONREDUCTION EQUILIBRIA | 213 |
CHAPTER 8 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS | 244 |
CHAPTER 10 KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS | 338 |
CHAPTER 11 ADSORPTION AND SURFACE EFFECTS | 403 |
CHAPTER 12 MACROMOLECULES AND MOLECULAR AGGREGATES | 436 |
CHAPTER 13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY | 494 |
CHAPTER 14 PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND RADIATION CHEMISTRY | 536 |
Table of Symbols and Abbreviations | 581 |
Index | 583 |
CHAPTER 9 BONDING AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY | 288 |
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absorption acid activity adsorbed adsorption amino amount applied benzene bond Calculate carbon carboxyl cell chain charge Chem chemical chemical shift chloride coefficient colligative properties complex components concentration corresponding curve defined described diagram dissociation effect electric electrolyte electron energy change enthalpy entropy enzyme equal equation equilibrium constant example film first flow force fraction free energy frequency function heat hydrogen atom hydrogen ion increase ionic ionization kcal kinetic liquid magnetic field material measured membrane mixture molar mole mole fraction molecules nucleus occurs orbital osmotic pressure oxidation oxygen particles phase polar potential protein proton quantum number radiation rate constant ratio reactant reaction resonance rotation sample shown in Figure significant sodium solid solubility solvent species specific spectra spectrum spin structure substrate sucrose surface tension temperature tion titration transition triplet vapor pressure velocity vibrational volume wave wavelength zero