Physical Chemistry and Its Biological ApplicationsPhysical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications presents the basic principles of physical chemistry and shows how the methods of physical chemistry are being applied to increase understanding of living systems. Chapters 1 and 2 of the book discuss states of matter and solutions of nonelectrolytes. Chapters 3 to 5 examine laws in thermodynamics and solutions of electrolytes. Chapters 6 to 8 look at acid-base equilibria and the link between electromagnetic radiation and the structure of atoms. Chapters 9 to 11 cover different types of bonding, the rates of chemical reactions, and the process of adsorption. Chapters 12 to 14 present molecular aggregates, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photochemistry, and radiation. This book is useful to biological scientists for self-study and reference. With modest additions of mathematical material by the teacher, the book should also be suitable for a full-year major's course in physical chemistry. |
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Page 3
A further increase in the temperature of the liquid decreases its viscosity, a measure of its resistance to flow, and finally a temperature is reached at which another change of state occurs, the formation of a vapor.
A further increase in the temperature of the liquid decreases its viscosity, a measure of its resistance to flow, and finally a temperature is reached at which another change of state occurs, the formation of a vapor.
Page 22
This reduction in volume at constant pressure occurs during presence of two phases, gas and liquid, in contact with one anFigure 1-10 Pressure—volume isotherms of carbon dioxide. Solid lines are experimental results, dashed lines are ...
This reduction in volume at constant pressure occurs during presence of two phases, gas and liquid, in contact with one anFigure 1-10 Pressure—volume isotherms of carbon dioxide. Solid lines are experimental results, dashed lines are ...
Page 30
This occurs when a hydrogen atom is attached to an electron-attracting atom, typically oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen, so that the hydrogen is the positive end of an electric dipole and is then attracted to an atom at the negative end of ...
This occurs when a hydrogen atom is attached to an electron-attracting atom, typically oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen, so that the hydrogen is the positive end of an electric dipole and is then attracted to an atom at the negative end of ...
Page 33
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which visible evolution of bubbles of vapor occurs at a particular value of the external pressure. The normal boiling point, which is commonly cited as the boiling point of a liquid, ...
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which visible evolution of bubbles of vapor occurs at a particular value of the external pressure. The normal boiling point, which is commonly cited as the boiling point of a liquid, ...
Page 36
Deviations from Trouton's rule are seen to occur in both directions. -A larger value of the heat of vaporization than expected occurs for associated liquids, such as water and alcohols. This may be interpreted as reflecting the ...
Deviations from Trouton's rule are seen to occur in both directions. -A larger value of the heat of vaporization than expected occurs for associated liquids, such as water and alcohols. This may be interpreted as reflecting the ...
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Contents
1 | |
51 | |
89 | |
SECOND LAW AND EQUILIBRIUM | 115 |
CHAPTER 5 SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES | 152 |
CHAPTER 6 ACIDBASE EQUILIBRIA | 181 |
CHAPTER 7 OXIDATIONREDUCTION EQUILIBRIA | 213 |
CHAPTER 8 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS | 244 |
CHAPTER 10 KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS | 338 |
CHAPTER 11 ADSORPTION AND SURFACE EFFECTS | 403 |
CHAPTER 12 MACROMOLECULES AND MOLECULAR AGGREGATES | 436 |
CHAPTER 13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY | 494 |
CHAPTER 14 PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND RADIATION CHEMISTRY | 536 |
Table of Symbols and Abbreviations | 581 |
Index | 583 |
CHAPTER 9 BONDING AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY | 288 |
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absorption acid activity adsorbed adsorption amino amount applied benzene bond Calculate carbon carboxyl cell chain charge Chem chemical chemical shift chloride coefficient colligative properties complex components concentration corresponding curve defined described diagram dissociation effect electric electrolyte electron energy change enthalpy entropy enzyme equal equation equilibrium constant example film first flow force fraction free energy frequency function heat hydrogen atom hydrogen ion increase ionic ionization kcal kinetic liquid magnetic field material measured membrane mixture molar mole mole fraction molecules nucleus occurs orbital osmotic pressure oxidation oxygen particles phase polar potential protein proton quantum number radiation rate constant ratio reactant reaction resonance rotation sample shown in Figure significant sodium solid solubility solvent species specific spectra spectrum spin structure substrate sucrose surface tension temperature tion titration transition triplet vapor pressure velocity vibrational volume wave wavelength zero