Physical Chemistry and Its Biological ApplicationsPhysical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications presents the basic principles of physical chemistry and shows how the methods of physical chemistry are being applied to increase understanding of living systems. Chapters 1 and 2 of the book discuss states of matter and solutions of nonelectrolytes. Chapters 3 to 5 examine laws in thermodynamics and solutions of electrolytes. Chapters 6 to 8 look at acid-base equilibria and the link between electromagnetic radiation and the structure of atoms. Chapters 9 to 11 cover different types of bonding, the rates of chemical reactions, and the process of adsorption. Chapters 12 to 14 present molecular aggregates, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photochemistry, and radiation. This book is useful to biological scientists for self-study and reference. With modest additions of mathematical material by the teacher, the book should also be suitable for a full-year major's course in physical chemistry. |
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Page 34
Wallace Brey. by the reactants, and in this case the change is the process of vaporization. The quantity R is the gas constant, and it must be expressed of course in the same units of energy and for the same amount of material as the ...
Wallace Brey. by the reactants, and in this case the change is the process of vaporization. The quantity R is the gas constant, and it must be expressed of course in the same units of energy and for the same amount of material as the ...
Page 102
... reactants begin at 25°C and the products and at 25°C and that all heat changes along the way are included. Note that the negative sign denotes a reaction in which the products have less enthalpy than the reactants, and thus the reaction ...
... reactants begin at 25°C and the products and at 25°C and that all heat changes along the way are included. Note that the negative sign denotes a reaction in which the products have less enthalpy than the reactants, and thus the reaction ...
Page 103
... reactants are initially at 25° and that there are included in the process all changes that would be required to bring the products back to 25° at the conclusion of the reaction. In addition to strictly chemical processes, various ...
... reactants are initially at 25° and that there are included in the process all changes that would be required to bring the products back to 25° at the conclusion of the reaction. In addition to strictly chemical processes, various ...
Page 104
... reactants. An alternative method is to subtract the enthalpies of the reactants from the enthalpies of the products but, unfortunately, Table 3-3 Enthalpies of formation of representative compounds at 25°C. 104 THREE THERMODYNAMICS ...
... reactants. An alternative method is to subtract the enthalpies of the reactants from the enthalpies of the products but, unfortunately, Table 3-3 Enthalpies of formation of representative compounds at 25°C. 104 THREE THERMODYNAMICS ...
Page 106
... reactants and products have relatively small volumes and any changes in their volumes are quite negligible, the one circumstance under which AH differs appreciably from AB is that in which the number of moles of gaseous products differs ...
... reactants and products have relatively small volumes and any changes in their volumes are quite negligible, the one circumstance under which AH differs appreciably from AB is that in which the number of moles of gaseous products differs ...
Contents
1 | |
51 | |
89 | |
SECOND LAW AND EQUILIBRIUM | 115 |
CHAPTER 5 SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES | 152 |
CHAPTER 6 ACIDBASE EQUILIBRIA | 181 |
CHAPTER 7 OXIDATIONREDUCTION EQUILIBRIA | 213 |
CHAPTER 8 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS | 244 |
CHAPTER 10 KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS | 338 |
CHAPTER 11 ADSORPTION AND SURFACE EFFECTS | 403 |
CHAPTER 12 MACROMOLECULES AND MOLECULAR AGGREGATES | 436 |
CHAPTER 13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY | 494 |
CHAPTER 14 PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND RADIATION CHEMISTRY | 536 |
Table of Symbols and Abbreviations | 581 |
Index | 583 |
CHAPTER 9 BONDING AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY | 288 |
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absorption acid activity adsorbed adsorption amino amount applied benzene bond Calculate carbon carboxyl cell chain charge Chem chemical chemical shift chloride coefficient colligative properties complex components concentration corresponding curve defined described diagram dissociation effect electric electrolyte electron energy change enthalpy entropy enzyme equal equation equilibrium constant example film first flow force fraction free energy frequency function heat hydrogen atom hydrogen ion increase ionic ionization kcal kinetic liquid magnetic field material measured membrane mixture molar mole mole fraction molecules nucleus occurs orbital osmotic pressure oxidation oxygen particles phase polar potential protein proton quantum number radiation rate constant ratio reactant reaction resonance rotation sample shown in Figure significant sodium solid solubility solvent species specific spectra spectrum spin structure substrate sucrose surface tension temperature tion titration transition triplet vapor pressure velocity vibrational volume wave wavelength zero