Physical Chemistry and Its Biological ApplicationsPhysical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications presents the basic principles of physical chemistry and shows how the methods of physical chemistry are being applied to increase understanding of living systems. Chapters 1 and 2 of the book discuss states of matter and solutions of nonelectrolytes. Chapters 3 to 5 examine laws in thermodynamics and solutions of electrolytes. Chapters 6 to 8 look at acid-base equilibria and the link between electromagnetic radiation and the structure of atoms. Chapters 9 to 11 cover different types of bonding, the rates of chemical reactions, and the process of adsorption. Chapters 12 to 14 present molecular aggregates, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photochemistry, and radiation. This book is useful to biological scientists for self-study and reference. With modest additions of mathematical material by the teacher, the book should also be suitable for a full-year major's course in physical chemistry. |
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Page 26
... solvents as water, ammonia, or alcohols, it should first be pointed out that solute ions interact strongly with the dipoles in solvent molecules. In the water molecule, there exists a permanent dipole because the oxygen atom is more ...
... solvents as water, ammonia, or alcohols, it should first be pointed out that solute ions interact strongly with the dipoles in solvent molecules. In the water molecule, there exists a permanent dipole because the oxygen atom is more ...
Page 27
... solvent, ions in solution also create or induce additional dipoles in the solvent molecules. The cation draws electrons toward itself, so that the induced dipole is in the same sense as the permanent dipole, while the anion repels ...
... solvent, ions in solution also create or induce additional dipoles in the solvent molecules. The cation draws electrons toward itself, so that the induced dipole is in the same sense as the permanent dipole, while the anion repels ...
Page 44
... solvent have, however, been quite successfully applied to determination of the size and shape of the macromolecules. STRUCTURE. or. LIQUIDS. In discussing the behavior of liquids, we have emphasized the effect of forces of molecular ...
... solvent have, however, been quite successfully applied to determination of the size and shape of the macromolecules. STRUCTURE. or. LIQUIDS. In discussing the behavior of liquids, we have emphasized the effect of forces of molecular ...
Page 52
... solvent and the other material or materials as solutes. The solvent can be defined as the substance whose physical state is preserved when the solution is formed. However, there may be several components of a solution for which the ...
... solvent and the other material or materials as solutes. The solvent can be defined as the substance whose physical state is preserved when the solution is formed. However, there may be several components of a solution for which the ...
Page 54
... solvent—solute combinations, by the magnitude of the van der Waals forces in each component. The formation of complexes or compounds between molecules of the solvent and molecules of the solute tends to produce. 54 TWO SOLUTIONS OF ...
... solvent—solute combinations, by the magnitude of the van der Waals forces in each component. The formation of complexes or compounds between molecules of the solvent and molecules of the solute tends to produce. 54 TWO SOLUTIONS OF ...
Contents
1 | |
51 | |
89 | |
SECOND LAW AND EQUILIBRIUM | 115 |
CHAPTER 5 SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES | 152 |
CHAPTER 6 ACIDBASE EQUILIBRIA | 181 |
CHAPTER 7 OXIDATIONREDUCTION EQUILIBRIA | 213 |
CHAPTER 8 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS | 244 |
CHAPTER 10 KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS | 338 |
CHAPTER 11 ADSORPTION AND SURFACE EFFECTS | 403 |
CHAPTER 12 MACROMOLECULES AND MOLECULAR AGGREGATES | 436 |
CHAPTER 13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY | 494 |
CHAPTER 14 PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND RADIATION CHEMISTRY | 536 |
Table of Symbols and Abbreviations | 581 |
Index | 583 |
CHAPTER 9 BONDING AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY | 288 |
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absorption acid activity adsorbed adsorption amino amount applied benzene bond Calculate carbon carboxyl cell chain charge Chem chemical chemical shift chloride coefficient colligative properties complex components concentration corresponding curve defined described diagram dissociation effect electric electrolyte electron energy change enthalpy entropy enzyme equal equation equilibrium constant example film first flow force fraction free energy frequency function heat hydrogen atom hydrogen ion increase ionic ionization kcal kinetic liquid magnetic field material measured membrane mixture molar mole mole fraction molecules nucleus occurs orbital osmotic pressure oxidation oxygen particles phase polar potential protein proton quantum number radiation rate constant ratio reactant reaction resonance rotation sample shown in Figure significant sodium solid solubility solvent species specific spectra spectrum spin structure substrate sucrose surface tension temperature tion titration transition triplet vapor pressure velocity vibrational volume wave wavelength zero