mon duties of life. Deficiency: Roughness; want of taste or refinement; disregard of the fine arts. B. SUBLIMITY.-Fondness for the grand and magnificent; the wild and romantic in nature, as Niagara Falls; mountain scenery. Abuse: Extravagant representations; fondness for tragedies. Deficiency: Views the terrific without pleasure or emotion. 22. IMITATION.-Power of imitating; copying; working after a pattern. Abuse: Mimicry; servile imitation. Deficiency: Inability to conform to the manners and customs of society. 23. MIRTHFULNESS.-Wit; fun; playfulness; humor; ability to joke, and enjoy a hearty laugh. Abuse: Ridicule and sport of the infirmities and misfortunes of others. Deficiency: Gravity; indifference to all amusements. INTELLECTUAL ORGANS. OBSERVING AND KNOWING FACULTIES. 24. INDIVIDUALITY.-Ability to acquire knowledge by observation, and to see all things seeable. Abuse: An insatiable desire to know all about other people's business; extreme inquisitiveness. Deficiency: A want of practical knowledge, and indisposition to notice external objects. 25. FORM.-Memory of shapes, forms, faces; the configuration of all things; it enables us to readily notice resemblances; when fully developed, we seldom forget countenances. Deficiency: A poor memory of faces, shapes, etc.; not a good artist. 26. SIZE. Ability to judge of size, length, breadth, height, depth, distance, and weight of bodies by their size; of measuring angles, perpendiculars, etc.; ability to judge accurately of the proportion which one body holds to another. Deficiency: Unable to judge between small and large; seldom judges correctly the dimensions of an object. 27. WEIGHT.-Gravity; ability to balance one's self, required by a marksman, horseman, or dancer; also the ability to "carry a steady hand." Abuse: Excessive desire to climb trees, or go aloft unnecessarily. Deficiency: Inability to keep one's balance ; liability to stumble. 28. COLOR.-Judgment of the different shades, hues, and tints, in paintings; the rainbow, and all things possessing color, will be objects of interest. Abuse: Extravagantly fond of colors; a desire to dress with many colors. Deficiency: Inability to distinguish or appreciate colors, or their harmony. 29. ORDER.-Method; system; arrangement; neatness and convenience. Abuse: More nice than wise; spends too much time in fixing; greatly annoyed by disorder; old maidish. Deficiency: Slovenliness; carelessness about the arrangement of books, tools, papers, etc.; seldom knows where to find anything, although recently used. 30. CALCULATION.-Ability to reckon figures in the head; mental arithmetic; to add, subtract, divide, multiply; cast accounts and reckon figures mentally. Abuse: A disposition to count everything. Deficiency: Inability to understand the most simple numerical relations. 31. LOCALITY.-Recollection of places; the geographical faculty; desire to travel and see the world. Abuse: A roving, unsettled disposition. Deficiency: Inability to remember places; liability to get lost. 32. EVENTUALITY.-Memory of events; love of history, anecdotes, facts, items of all sorts; a kind of walking newspaper. Abuse: Constant story-telling to the neglect of duties. 33. TIME.-Recollection of the lapse of time; day and date; ability to keep the time in music and dancing, and the step in walking; to be able to carry the time of day in the head. Abuse: Drumming with the feet and fingers, much to the annoyance of others, when in company. Deficiency: Inability to remember the time when things transpired; a poor memory of dates. 34. TUNE.-Love of music, and perception of harmony; giving a desire to compose music. Abuse: A continual singing, humming, or whistling, regardless of propriety. Deficiency: Inability to comprehend the charms of music. t 35. LANGUAGE.-Ability to express our ideas verbally, and to use such words as will best express our meaning; memory of words. Abuse: Volubility of expression; more words than thoughts Deficiency: Extreme hesitation in selecting appropriate language. REFLECTIVE OR REASONING INTELLECT. 36. CAUSALITY.-Ability to reason and comprehend first principles; the why and wherefore faculty; originality. Abuse: Too much theory, without bringing the mind to a practical bearing :—such a mind may become a philosopher, but neither practical or scientific. 37. COMPARISON.-Inductive reasoning; ability to classify, and apply analogy to the discernment of principles; to generalize, compare, discriminate, illustrate; to draw correct inferences, etc., etc. Abuse: Excessive criticism. Deficiency: To be unable to perceive the relation of one thing to another. C. HUMAN NATURE.-Discernment of human character; perception of the motives of strangers at the first interview. Abuse: Unjust suspicion; a disposition to treat all strangers as rogues. Deficiency: Misplaces confidence; is easily deceived. D. AGREEABLENESS.-Blandness and persuasiveness of manner, expression, and address; pleasantness; insinuation; the faculty of saying even disagreeable things pleasantly. Abuse: Affectation. Deficiency: Want of ease of manner; inability to make one's self agreeable. (From Chambers's Information for the People.) THE PRIMITIVE FACULTIES OF MIND, AS CONNECTED WITH THEIR ORGANS IN THE BRAIN. MIND, which was considered by the metaphysicians as a single thing or essence, was said by them to be capable of being in different states, in each of which states it made one of its various manifestations, as memory, judgment, anger, etc. In no particular does the phrenological hypothesis differ more from the metaphysical than in this. The phrenological doctrine is, that the brain, the organ of the mind, is divided into various faculties, each of which has its own mode of acting. It is held First. That by accurate observation of human actions, it is possible to discriminate the dispositions and intellectual power of man, such as love, anger, benevolence, observation, reflection, etc. Secondly. That the true form of the brain can be ascertained from the external form of the head; the brain, though the softer substance, being what rules the shape of the skull, just as a shell takes its form from the animal within. Thirdly. The organs or parts into which the brain is divided, all of which organs are possessed by every individual except in case of idiocy, appear on the brain's surface in folds or convolu tions, somewhat like the bowels or viscera of an animal, but have a well-ascertained fibrous connection through the whole substance of the brain with one point at its base, called the medulla oblongata, which unites the brain to the spinal cord. The organs have thus each a conical form from the medulla oblongata to the surface; the whole being not inaptly compared to the stalks and flower of a cauliflower. Fourthly. The brain is divided into two equal parts called hemispheres on each side of the fosse or division between these hemispheres the same organ occurs; all the organs are therefore double, in analogy with the eyes, ears, etc. But when the term organ is used, both organs are meant. The organs which are situated close to the middle line drawn vertically on the head, though close to each other, are nevertheless double; for example, Individuality, Benevolence, Firmness, etc. Fifthly. Besides the brain proper, there is a smaller brain, attached to the hinder part of the base of the brain, called the cerebellum. Sixthly. The brain, including the cerebellum, is divided into the anterior, middle, and posterior lobes. The cerebellum forms part of the posterior lobe. The anterior lobe contains all the intellectual faculties; the posterior and lower range of the middle lobe are the regions of the animal propensities; while the moral sentiments are found, with a sort of local pre-eminence, to have their organs developed on the top or coronal surface of the head. |