The Curse of Ham in the Early Modern Era: The Bible and the Justifications for SlaveryFor hundreds of years, the biblical story of the Curse of Ham was marshalled as a justification of serfdom, slavery and human bondage. According to the myth, having seen his father Noah naked, Ham's is cursed to have his descendants be forever slaves. In this new book the Curse of Ham is explored in its Reformation context, revealing how it became the cornerstone of the Christian defence of slavery and the slave trade for the next four hundred years. It shows how broader medieval interpretations of the story became marginalized in the early modern period as writers such as Annius of Viterbo and George Best began to weave the legend of Ham into their own books, expanding and adding to the legend in ways that established a firm connection between Ham, Africa, slavery and race. For although in the original biblical text Ham himself is not cursed and race is never mentioned, these writers helped develop the story of Ham into an ideological and theological defence for African slavery, at the precise time that the Transatlantic Slave Trade began to establish itself as a major part of the European economy during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Skilfully weaving together elements of theology, literature and history, this book provides a fascinating insight into the ways that issues of religion, economics and race could collide in the Reformation world. It will prove essential reading, not only for those with an interest in early modern history, but for anyone wishing to try to comprehend the origins of arguments used to justify slavery and segregation right up to the 1960s. |
Contents
The Sons of Noah and the Estates of | |
Gods Giants and Kings | |
Early Modern Exegesis of Genesis | |
Popularizing the Curse of | |
From Myth | |
The SelfInterpreting Bible | |
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Common terms and phrases
African Agrippa Ambrosiaster American ancient Annius of Viterbo Annius’s Antiquitatum argument Basel Berosus Bible Biblia Sacra Bishop Bolingbroke Calmet’s Calvin Cambridge University Cham chapter Christian commentary connection Curse of Ham David descendants dictionary discussion Dissertations early modern edition England English exegesis exegetical explain father of Canaan genealogy Genesis 9 Geneva Geneva Bible George Best gloss Godwyn Grafton Ham’s Hebrew Heinrich Henry History Holy Honorius Augustodunensis hypersexuality interpretation Japhet Johann John Josephus king Latin Leo Africanus London loss of Canaan Maledictus medieval Mirk myth Negro Newton Noah Noah’s curse notes Old Testament original Osiris Paris popular Pory Postel printed prophecy Pseudo-Berosus published quotation race Reformation Renaissance Richard Robert Estienne Sachsenspiegel Scripture Sebastian Münster Septuagint serfs sermons servant of servants servitude sexual Shem sinful sixteenth century slave trade slavery sons of Noah story Talmud theological Thomas trans translation Vatablus vols voyages William word