Academic Tribes and Territories: Intellectual Enquiry and the Cultures of Disciplines

academic communities activity analysis argued aspects big science biologists biology boundaries career Chapter characteristics chemistry chemists claim cognitive Cole competition concerned considerations context contrast convergent Crane cultural Dalarö defined departments disciplinary communities disciplines discussion distinction diversity economics élite Elzinga enquiry epistemological established exploration external G. H. Hardy groups hard applied hard pure knowledge high-energy physics higher education historians ideas identified individual institutions intellectual interest internal internalist interviewed issues journals judgement knowledge areas knowledge domains knowledge fields less literature mathematics mechanical engineering Morlock Mulkay networks norms one's paradigm particular patterns peer group perhaps physicists physics political problems professional publication relatively relevant reputation reputational systems respondents rural scientific scientists sense share significant social sciences sociologists sociology Sociology of Science soft applied soft pure solid-state physics specialisms specialist structure subject areas suggest techniques tend theoretical theory topic University Whitley