Broken Bones: Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma

accidents addition adults analysis anterior anthropologist appear applied articular surface associated avulsion fractures base bending blows blunt force body bone cause changes classification combination comminuted common complete compression consists damage death defects depressed determined direct direct blows dislocation displacement distal elements et al examination extensive extremely falls femoral Figure foot forces forensic frac fragment frequently greater hand head humerus impact important increase indicate individual injuries interpretation involved joint lateral less ligaments loading loss lower margin material mechanism medial motor vehicle neck oblique occur pattern pelvic portion position possible posterior produced proximal rare region relatively remains reported resistance result Rogers rotation seen segment separation severe shaft shearing side skeletal skull soft tissue specific spine spiral stress structure tend tension third tibia tion transverse trauma tures Type usually vertebrae vertical victim