Broken Bones: Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma

accidents addition adults affect analysis anterior anthropologist appear applied articular associated avulsion fractures bending blunt force body bone cause changes classification combined comminuted common complete compression consists cranial damage death defects depressed determined direct blows dislocation displacement distal elements et al examination extensive extremely falls Figure flexion forces forensic frac fractures fragments frequently greater hand head humerus impact important increase indicate individual injuries interpretation involved joint lateral less ligaments linear loading lower margin material mechanism medial motor vehicle neck oblique occur pattern portion position possible posterior produced proximal rare region relatively remains reported resistance result Rogers rotation seen segment separation severe shaft shearing side skeletal skull soft tissue spine stress structure surface tend tibia tion transverse trauma tures Type upper usually vault vertebrae vertical victim